Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium depauperatum |
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bull clover, sour clover |
balloon sack clover, cowbag clover, dwarf sack clover, poverty clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs annual, 1–30 cm, glabrous. | ||||||||
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
erect or decumbent, branched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules sheathing proximally, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 0.4–1.3 cm, margins entire or serrulate, apex short triangular-cuspidate; petiole 1–5 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades lanceolate, linear, obovate, or oblanceolate, 0.4–2.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened abaxially, margins entire, serrate, or pinnately lobed, apex rounded, truncate, acute, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
axillary or terminal, 3–15-flowered, globose or depressed-globose, 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres flattened, 3–13 mm, ± distinct or incised 1/2 their length, lobes 5–7, linear to elliptic or irregular, or vestigial, reduced to narrow ring, apex rounded to broad and irregularly erose, not split. |
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Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
2–6 cm. |
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Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
straight, 0–0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
3–10 mm; calyx campanulate, 2–5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 1–2.5 mm, lobes unequal, triangular-lanceolate or subulate, orifice open; corolla white or pink, 3–11 mm, inflated in fruit, banner broadly ovate, 4–7 × 3–8 mm, apex rounded, broad, acute, or retuse. |
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Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
sessile or stipitate, ovoid, obovoid, or oblong, 2–4 mm. |
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Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
1–6, gray or tan, mottled, mitten-shaped, 1.2–1.6 mm, irregularly bumpy. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
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Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium depauperatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||||||
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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w North America; nw Mexico; c North America; South America (Chile, Peru)
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Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). The three varieties of Trifolium depauperatum are relatively easily distinguished by characteristics of the involucres and fruit stipes. Leaf morphology is not helpful in making the distinctions; in each variety, leaf margins can range from nearly entire or toothed or laciniate. In the phylogenetic treatment by N. W. Ellison et al. (2006), T. depauperatum is not allied with T. fucatum and other clovers with inflated corollas but rather with T. obtusiflorum, T. trichocalyx, and T. willdenovii (although with weak support). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | Lupinaster depauperatus | ||||||||
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | Desvaux: J. Bot. Agric. 4: 69, plate 32, fig. 2. (1814) | ||||||||
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