Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium brandegeei |
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bull clover, sour clover |
Brandegee's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs perennial, 5–15 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
cespitose, short-branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules broadly lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute-acuminate; petiole 0.6–1.2 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, oblong-elliptic, or elliptic, 0.8–3 × 0.4–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins entire or faintly serrate, apex acute to rounded or minutely apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
terminal, 4–15-flowered, ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2.2–3 cm, rachis prolonged ca. 10 mm beyond distalmost flower; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
6–20 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
strongly reflexed, 1–2 mm; bracteoles linear, minute. |
Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
15–18 mm; calyx whitish, campanulate, 7–10 mm, sparsely pubescent, veins 10, tube 4–5 mm, lobes subequal, longer than tube, narrowly triangular, acuminate, orifice open; corolla purple to magenta, 15–18 mm, banner broadly ovate, 15–17 × 7–9 mm, apex obtuse or retuse. |
Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
oblong, 6.5–7 mm. |
Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
1–3, yellow and red, flattened ovoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium brandegeei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | Open montane forests and subalpine areas. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 3500–3700 m. (11500–12100 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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CO; NM
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Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
A close relationship between Trifolium brandegeei and T. parryi was hypothesized by J. M. Gillett (1965); this has not been borne out by flavonoid chemosystematics (E. V. Parups et al. 1966) or DNA analyses (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 130. (1876) — (as brandegei) |
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