Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium attenuatum |
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bull clover, sour clover |
Rocky Mountain clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs perennial, 5–30 cm, pubescent. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
erect or ascending, cespitose, branched from base, numerous short stems. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate, 1.8–2 cm, margins entire, apex acute-acuminate; petiole 2.5–10 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 1.5–6 × 0.3–1 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins entire, apex acuminate or narrowly acute, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
axillary or terminal, 10–20+-flowered, globose, 2.3–3.5 × 2.5–4 cm; involucres formed of proximal bracteoles, bases sometimes connate. |
Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
2–28 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
reflexed in fruit, 2–4 mm; bracteoles ovate, 2–4 mm, truncate or acuminate. |
Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
15–22 mm; calyx campanulate, 8–15 mm, pubescent, veins 10, tube 2.5–7 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, orifice open; corolla red-purple, 16–20 mm, banner broadly oblong-elliptic, 16–20 × 6–7 mm, apex acute, apiculate. |
Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
oblong, 5–6 mm. |
Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
1–3, brown, ovoid-reniform, 2.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16, 48. |
Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium attenuatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | Subalpine and alpine slopes, open montane forests. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 3000–3800 m. (9800–12500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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CO; NM
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Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium attenuatum ranges from Park County in Colorado southward through southern and southwestern Colorado to northern and central New Mexico. J. M. Gillett (1965) found both diploid and hexaploid populations of Trifolium attenuatum but was unable to find morphological distinctions between diploid and hexaploid individuals. Using flavonoid chemotaxonomy, E. V. Parups et al. (1966) found close associations between T. attenuatum, T. brandegeei, and T. haydenii. Trifolium lilacinum Rydberg (1901), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. lilacinum Greene (1896) and thus illegitimate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | T. bracteolatum, T. petraeum, T. stenolobum |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | Greene: Pittonia 4: 137. (1900) |
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