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woolly-head clover
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Monterey clover
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| Herbs perennial, 12–46 cm, sparsely hairy to densely villous, appressed-pubescent, or glabrate. |
Herbs annual, 5–45 cm, sparsely villous to glabrescent. |
erect or decumbent, branched. |
prostrate, decumbent, or erect, branched. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 1–5 cm, margins entire or denticulate, apex acuminate or acute; petiole 1–15 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, linear-elliptic, elliptic, lanceolate, lanceolate-oblong, or obovate, 1–5 × 0.4–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins fine or ± thickened, margins denticulate or serrulate, apex acuminate or acute, surfaces appressed-pubescent abaxially, glabrous, densely villous, or sparsely or densely pilose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins serrate-lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–4 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins denticulate, apex truncate, retuse, or mucronulate, surfaces glabrescent. |
terminal or axillary, 25–70-flowered, inverted or horizontal, ellipsoid or globose to subglobose, 2–3 × 1–3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 2–15-flowered, subglobose, 1.5–1.8 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres flattened or vase-shaped, 1–3 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 2/3–3/4 their length, lobes 5–15, linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate. |
bent distally, proximal to flowers, 3–18 cm. |
1.5–4 cm. |
reflexed, to 0.3 mm; bracteoles absent. |
erect, 1.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
9–18 mm; calyx campanulate, curved in fruit, 4–11 mm, villous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes unequal, 2–3 times tube, subulate, often strongly curved and twisted, plumose, orifice open; corolla white, cream, or purple, 8–16 mm, banner oblanceolate, 8–16 × 3–5 mm, apex rounded or retuse, recurved; ovaries pubescent distally. |
8–11 mm; calyx campanulate-tubular, not slit between adaxial lobes, 6–9 mm, usually densely pubescent, rarely sparsely so, veins 10, tube 2.5–4.5 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open; corolla light purple with darker purple keel petals, 6–10 mm, banner narrowly obovate, 4–5 × 1 mm, apex retuse. |
ovoid, 2–3.5 mm. |
sessile, oblong, 5 mm. |
(1 or)2–4, yellow-brown to brown, mitten-shaped or subglobose, 1.2–2 mm, smooth. |
3–6(–9), pale brown, mottled purple, globose to mitten-shaped, 0.8–1 mm, smooth to slightly roughened, semiglossy. |
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Flowering Apr–May. |
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Sandy, rich soils in open Monterey pine forests, often after fire. |
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0–50 m. [0–160 ft.] |
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w United States
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CA |
Subspecies 6 (6 in the flora). Trifolium eriocephalum was revised by J. M. Gillett (1971). The subspecies exhibit unusually complex distributional patterns, and overlapping morphological features sometimes make identifications problematic (M. Zohary and D. Heller 1984). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium trichocalyx is an extremely rare species known only from Mendocino and Monterey counties. D. I. Axelrod (1982) suggested that T. trichocalyx might have originated as a hybrid between T. microcephalum and T. variegatum, but this is not supported by molecular studies (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). It appears to be fire-adapted and appeared in large numbers shortly after a fire in 1987 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2004). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii |
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii |
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1. Ovules usually 2, rarely 1 or 3; calyx lobes usually green, rarely purple, straight, subequal, 3–4 timestube. | → 2 |
2. Herbs densely villous; leaflet blades of basal and median leaves elliptic or lanceolate-oblong; roots cylindric, thickened. | subsp. eriocephalum |
2. Herbs slightly villous, appressed-pubescent, or glabrate; leaflet blades of basal and median leaves usually narrowly lanceolate or linear, rarely narrowly elliptic; roots fusiform-tuberous. | subsp. cascadense |
1. Ovules 3 or 4; calyx lobes usually purple, contorted, abaxial lobes longer, lateral lobes 1–1.5 times tube. | → 3 |
3. Leaflet blades of basal leaves linear or linear-elliptic, apex acute, surfaces sparsely or densely hairy adaxially; roots cylindric, thickened, branched, often rhizomelike. | → 4 |
4. Blades of leaflets of median leaves linear or linear-elliptic; herbs slightly villous. | subsp. cusickii |
4. Blades of leaflets of median leaves broadly elliptic; herbs densely villous. | subsp. villiferum |
3. Leaflet blades of basal leaves obovate, apex rounded to retuse, surfaces usually glabrous adaxially, sometimes sparsely hairy; roots fusiform-tuberous. | → 5 |
5. Inflorescences 2.5 cm diam., significantly overtopping distal leaves; leaflet blades of median leaves broadly lanceolate, surfaces sparsely hairy or glabrous adaxially. | subsp. arcuatum |
5. Inflorescences 1 cm diam., scarcely overtopping distal leaves; leaflet blades of median leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, surfaces densely villous adaxially. | subsp. martinii |
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T. oliganthum var. trichocalyx |
| Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 313. (1838) |
A. Heller: Muhlenbergia 1: 55. (1904) |
| FNA vol. 11. Treatment authors: Michael A. Vincent, John M. Gillett†. |
FNA vol. 11. Treatment authors: Michael A. Vincent, John M. Gillett†. |
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