Trifolium dubium |
Trifolium jokerstii |
|
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least hop clover, lesser hop clover, lesser hop trefoil, little hop clover, shamrock, small hop-clover, suckling clover |
Butte County golden clover, Jim's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 20–40 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs annual, 5–20 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect to prostrate, branched from base. |
erect-ascending, simple or cespitose, branched or unbranched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate, 0.3–0.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute; petiole to 1.5 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules to 0.5 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins dentate distally, apex rounded or retuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–2 cm, margins toothed, apex rounded to acute; petiole 1–9 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to obovate, 0.5–3.2 × 0.4–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine to slightly thickened, margins usually serrulate, rarely nearly lobed, teeth shortly aristate, apex usually acute or obtuse, rarely emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–20-flowered, ovoid or globose, 0.5–0.9 × 0.6 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, subglobose, 1.2–3 × 1.2–3 cm; involucres widely campanulate to nearly flat, 6–11 mm. |
Peduncles | 1–1.5 cm. |
2–15 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.2–0.5 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
straight, 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 2.8–3.5 mm; calyx campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.8–1 mm, lobes unequal, longer than tube, adaxial 2 shorter, orifice open; corolla pale yellow becoming brown, 2.6–3.2 mm, not or slightly ribbed, banner persistent, spatulate, 2.6–3.2 × 2 mm, apex rounded to broadly acute. |
10–16 mm; calyx campanulate, inflated in fruit, 7–9 mm, sparsely pubescent, veins 5, tube 3.5–4.5 mm, lobes unequal, abaxial and lateral 2- or 3-fid, adaxial unbranched, segments plumose, apex setaceous, orifice open; corolla yellow, 10–15 mm, banner broadly ovate, proximally inflated in fruit, distally narrowed into twisted tip, 10–15 × 3–5 mm, apex obtuse, truncate, or emarginate-apiculate. |
Legumes | stipitate, ellipsoid, 1.5–2 mm, short beaked. |
stipitate, ovoid, 3.3–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1, yellow or pale brown, ellipsoid, 0.9–1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1 or 2, dark brown, ellipsoid to mitten-shaped, 3.1–3.4 mm, rugose. |
2n | = 16, 28, 32. |
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Trifolium dubium |
Trifolium jokerstii |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Disturbed ground, fields. | Wet meadows, streamsides. |
Elevation | 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) | 300–400 m. (1000–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; c Europe; s Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, e Asia (e China), n, s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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CA |
Discussion | Trifolium dubium is often confused with Medicago lupulina Linnaeus; the latter may be distinguished by its toothed stipules, deciduous corollas, and shiny, black fruits. Little hop clover may be the co-called shamrock of Irish folklore (E. C. Nelson 1991; P. S. Wyse Jackson 2014); other candidates include other species of Trifolium or species of Medicago or Oxalis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium jokerstii is known only from Butte County, from Table Mountain and along a stream adjacent to it (M. A. Vincent and R. Morgan 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis dubia, T. minus | |
Name authority | Sibthorp: Fl. Oxon., 231. (1794) | Vincent & Rand. Morgan: Novon 8: 91, fig. 1. (1998) |
Web links |
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