Trifolium dubium |
Trifolium friscanum |
|
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least hop clover, lesser hop clover, lesser hop trefoil, little hop clover, shamrock, small hop-clover, suckling clover |
Frisco clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 20–40 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs perennial, mat-forming, 0.8–3 cm, canescent. |
Stems | erect to prostrate, branched from base. |
cespitose, acaulescent. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate, 0.3–0.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute; petiole to 1.5 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules to 0.5 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins dentate distally, apex rounded or retuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
palmate; stipules broadly lanceolate, 0.5–0.9 cm, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 0.3–1.5 cm; petiolules to 0.2 mm; leaflets 3, blades oblanceolate to obovate, often folded, 0.3–0.8 × 0.1–0.4 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, obscured by pubescence, margins entire or toothed distally, apex acute, surfaces densely silvery-hairy. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–20-flowered, ovoid or globose, 0.5–0.9 × 0.6 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 4–9-flowered, globose or depressed-globose, 1–1.5 × 1–2 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1–1.5 cm. |
1–3 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.2–0.5 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
erect, 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 2.8–3.5 mm; calyx campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.8–1 mm, lobes unequal, longer than tube, adaxial 2 shorter, orifice open; corolla pale yellow becoming brown, 2.6–3.2 mm, not or slightly ribbed, banner persistent, spatulate, 2.6–3.2 × 2 mm, apex rounded to broadly acute. |
9–11 mm; calyx campanulate, 8.5–9.5 mm, canescent, veins 5–10 (obscured by hairs), tube 2.5–3 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, orifice open; corolla with magenta banner, pale pink wing and keel petals, 8–10 mm, banner oblong, 8–10 × 2–3 mm, apex acute. |
Legumes | stipitate, ellipsoid, 1.5–2 mm, short beaked. |
depressed-ellipsoid, 3–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1, yellow or pale brown, ellipsoid, 0.9–1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1, brown, reniform, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16, 28, 32. |
= 16. |
Trifolium dubium |
Trifolium friscanum |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Disturbed ground, fields. | Volcanic gravel and limestone in pinyon-juniper woodlands. |
Elevation | 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) | 2100–2300 m. (6900–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; c Europe; s Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, e Asia (e China), n, s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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UT |
Discussion | Trifolium dubium is often confused with Medicago lupulina Linnaeus; the latter may be distinguished by its toothed stipules, deciduous corollas, and shiny, black fruits. Little hop clover may be the co-called shamrock of Irish folklore (E. C. Nelson 1991; P. S. Wyse Jackson 2014); other candidates include other species of Trifolium or species of Medicago or Oxalis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium friscanum is a rare species endemic to the Great Basin and is known from only five populations occupying nine sites in Beaver and Millard counties (D. Tilley 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis dubia, T. minus | T. andersonii var. friscanum |
Name authority | Sibthorp: Fl. Oxon., 231. (1794) | (S. L. Welsh) S. L. Welsh: Rhodora 95: 407. (1993) |
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