Trifolium dubium |
Trifolium barnebyi |
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least hop clover, lesser hop clover, lesser hop trefoil, little hop clover, shamrock, small hop-clover, suckling clover |
Barneby's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 20–40 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs perennial, 3–5 cm, mostly glabrous. |
Stems | erect to prostrate, branched from base. |
densely mat-forming, short-branched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate, 0.3–0.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute; petiole to 1.5 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules to 0.5 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins dentate distally, apex rounded or retuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 0.5–1 cm, margins entire or lobed, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 0.3–30 cm, pubescent; petiolules 0.2 mm; leaflets 3, blades oblanceolate, 0.3–1.6 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins close-set, 12–18 pairs of primary veins, 0.5 mm apart, margins sharply antrorsely serrate, apex acute, long-apiculate, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely midvein pubescent abaxially. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–20-flowered, ovoid or globose, 0.5–0.9 × 0.6 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 8–18-flowered, globose or subglobose, 1.2–2.5 × 2–3 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1–1.5 cm. |
0.5–3.5 cm, pubescent. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.2–0.5 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
reflexed, 2–3.5 mm, pubescent; bracteoles broad, membranous, to 0.2 mm. |
Flowers | 2.8–3.5 mm; calyx campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.8–1 mm, lobes unequal, longer than tube, adaxial 2 shorter, orifice open; corolla pale yellow becoming brown, 2.6–3.2 mm, not or slightly ribbed, banner persistent, spatulate, 2.6–3.2 × 2 mm, apex rounded to broadly acute. |
8–13 mm; calyx campanulate, 4–6 mm, pubescent, veins 5–10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular-subulate, orifice open; corolla creamy white, 8–13 mm, banner broadly elliptic-oblong, 10–13 × 6–8 mm, apex rounded, slightly apiculate. |
Legumes | stipitate, ellipsoid, 1.5–2 mm, short beaked. |
stipitate, flattened, ovoid, 2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1, yellow or pale brown, ellipsoid, 0.9–1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1, yellow, mottled, flattened-ovoid, 2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16, 28, 32. |
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Trifolium dubium |
Trifolium barnebyi |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Jun. |
Habitat | Disturbed ground, fields. | Sandstone ledges and outcrops. |
Elevation | 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) | 1700–2100 m. (5600–6900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; c Europe; s Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, e Asia (e China), n, s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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WY |
Discussion | Trifolium dubium is often confused with Medicago lupulina Linnaeus; the latter may be distinguished by its toothed stipules, deciduous corollas, and shiny, black fruits. Little hop clover may be the co-called shamrock of Irish folklore (E. C. Nelson 1991; P. S. Wyse Jackson 2014); other candidates include other species of Trifolium or species of Medicago or Oxalis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium barnebyi is known from central Wyoming. It was originally described as a variety of T. haydenii, but was elevated to species rank based on its pubescent petioles, pedicels, and peduncles, closely spaced leaflet veins, and more elongate leaflets that are two times as long as wide. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis dubia, T. minus | T. haydenii var. barnebyi |
Name authority | Sibthorp: Fl. Oxon., 231. (1794) | (Isely) Dorn & Lichvar: Madroño 28: 189. (1981) |
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