Trifolium cyathiferum |
Trifolium oliganthum |
|
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bowl clover, cup clover |
few-flower clover, few-flowerered clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 10–50 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, dichotomously branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.6–1.2 cm, margins entire, toothed, or lacerate, apex acute or aristate; petiole 1–10 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 0.5–2.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, green, margins finely toothed, apex rounded, blunt, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins lacerate, apex subulate; petiole 0.5–4 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, oblong, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 0.5–2.5 × 0.1–0.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine or moderately thickened, margins entire, spinulose, or dentate, apex rounded or truncate, mucronate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 1–35-flowered, subglobose or ovoid, 0.5–1.8 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–22 mm, shallowly incised, lobes 3–15, toothed, broad, acute. |
axillary or terminal, 3–15-flowered, obconic, 0.3–1.2 × 0.3–0.8 cm; involucres flattened to bowl-shaped, 1–2 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 4/5–9/10 their length, lobes lanceolate-subulate. |
Peduncles | 1–8 cm. |
2.5–7.5 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 0.1–0.2 mm; bracteoles absent. |
erect, 0.5–2 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 7–15 mm; calyx campanulate, inflated in fruit, 6–13 mm, glabrous, veins 13–20, tube 3–7 mm, lobes unequal, strongly oblique, broadly triangular, apex setaceous, adaxial unbranched, abaxial and lateral conspicuously 2- or 3-fid, segments glabrous, sometimes flattened, orifice open; corolla usually creamy white or rose to pink, sometimes whitish with pinkish tips, 6–13 mm, banner obovate or elliptic, proximally inflated in fruit, distally narrowed into twisted tip, 6–13 × 3–6 mm, apex rounded to broadly acute. |
11–16 mm; calyx campanulate, slit between adaxial lobes, 4–5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2.5–5.2 mm, lobes triangular-subulate, 3-fid or shouldered below apex, orifice open; corolla lavender with white tips, keel petals purple, 6–8 mm, banner narrowly ovate-oblong, 6–8 × 2 mm, apex narrowly rounded, erose. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm. |
sessile, oblong, 2.1–3.2 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow-brown, ovoid, 0.4–0.6 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2 (or 3), reddish brown, mottled, lenticular or reniform, 1.2–1.3 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium cyathiferum |
Trifolium oliganthum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Oct. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, roadsides, fields. | Stream banks, grassy, rocky slopes, meadows, fields. |
Elevation | 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.) | 0–1100 m. (0–3600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; BC; YT [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Trifolium cyathiferum may be of hybrid origin; phylogenetic studies indicate it has the same trnL intron sequence as T. buckwestiorum, T. polyodon, and T. variegatum and nrDNA and combined analyses place it in a clade with other species (T. barbigerum, T. fucatum, T. jokerstii, and T. physanthum Hooker & Arnott) that have inflated fruiting corollas (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). The single record of Trifolium cyathiferum labeled as from Utah is likely mislabeled (S. L. Welsh et al. 2008). Populations in Yukon may be introductions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium oliganthum is relatively common throughout much of its range in California; it is found in a few scattered sites northward into Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Even though it closely resembles T. variegatum, it is placed near T. bifidum in molecular studies (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). Trifolium hexanthum Greene ex A. Heller, which pertains here, is not a validly published name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. pauciflorum, T. filipes, T. oliganthum var. sonomense, T. triflorum | |
Name authority | Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: sub plate 1070. (1827) | Steudel: Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 707. (1841) |
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