Trifolium columbinum |
Trifolium kingii |
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olive clover |
King's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 8–30 cm, canescent. | Herbs perennial, 2–40 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched from base and distally, or unbranched. |
erect or ascending, branched from root stock. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins entire, ciliate, apex often purple, acuminate, setaceous; petiole 0.5–8 cm; petiolules 0.5–1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or elliptic, 0.5–3 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure or slightly thickened, margins dentate, apex rounded or emarginate, surfaces pilose. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate, 0.8–3 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate; petiole 0.8–15 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 0.5–8 × 0.4–2.6 cm, basal blades thick, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins sharply serrate, those of basal leaves entire, sometimes shortly setose, apex acute, obtuse, or obcordate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 25–50-flowered, ovoid-ellipsoid, 1–2.5 × 1.2–2.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 20–35-flowered, inverted or horizontal, depressed-globose or obovoid, 1.5–3.2 × 1.5–3 cm, rachis internodes not especially elongated; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
curved apically, 3–14 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles cuplike, to 0.5 mm. |
reflexed, 0.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, blunt, minute. |
Flowers | 6–10 mm; calyx tubular, 8–14 mm, densely pubescent, veins 20–30, tube 1–2 mm, lobes nearly equal, appearing rigidly erect, linear-setaceous, plumose, sinuses acute, orifice open; corolla sometimes absent, red-violet, often with white tips, 4–6 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 7–8 × 2–3 mm, apex broadly rounded, apiculate. |
12–16 mm; calyx campanulate, 5–6 mm, usually sparsely pubescent, sometimes glabrate, veins 5, tube 2–3.5 mm, lobes equal, 1–1.5 times tube, subulate, curved, orifice open; corolla usually pink-purple, rarely white, 13–15 mm, banner lanceolate-ovate, 15–18 × 4–5 mm, apex rounded; ovaries glabrous. |
Legumes | obovoid, 3–3.5 mm. |
flattened, ellipsoid, 3–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1, yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. |
1–3, brown, flattened ovoid, 2–2.2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
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Trifolium columbinum |
Trifolium kingii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Grassy slopes, meadows, heavy adobe/clay soils, oak woodland foothills. | Alpine meadows, stream banks, open aspen and spruce-fir woods. |
Elevation | 0–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) | 2200–3300 m. (7200–10800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA |
CO; NV; UT
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Discussion | D. Isely (1998) stated that Central Valley populations of Trifolium columbinum appeared to be extinct and populations outside that region (and here recognized as the same taxon) were similar in calyx and corolla proportions. It is rather widespread in California, ranging from Humboldt County southward to Santa Barbara County, and eastward into counties ranging from Shasta southward to Inyo, Kern, and Placer counties. Trifolium albopurpureum var. olivaceum (Greene) Isely and T. columbinum var. olivaceum (Greene) Jepson are illegitimate names that pertain here (D. J. Keil 2019). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium kingii is widely distributed throughout Utah (S. L. Welsh et al. 2008), is found in Mesa County southward to Dolores County in Colorado, and is found rarely in eastern Nevada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. albopurpureum var. columbinum, T. columbinum var. argillorum, T. olivaceum, T. olivaceum var. columbinum, T. olivaceum var. griseum | |
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 1: 4. (1887) | S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 59. (1871) |
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