Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium plumosum |
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foothill clover, tree clover |
plumed clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs perennial, 10–60 cm, villous. | ||||
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, branched or unbranched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules linear, oblong, or ovate, 1.5–2.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrulate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–20 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate-elliptic, often folded, falcate, 4–11 × 0.1–1.6 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins denticulate, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces villous. |
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Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
terminal, 70–80-flowered, spicate, ovoid to cylindric, 3–6 × 2.5–3 cm; involucres absent. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–12 cm. |
2–6 cm. |
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Pedicels | erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
erect or absent, 0–0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
17–18 mm; calyx campanulate, 5 mm, villous, veins 20, tube 2.5 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, straight, orifice open; corolla creamy white, keel petals crimson, 12–22 mm, banner oblong, 12–22 × 3–5 mm, apex acute; ovaries glabrous or pubescent distally. |
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Legumes | short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
obovoid, 4–5 mm. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1–3, reddish brown or tan, ellipsoid, 1.8–2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
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Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium plumosum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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nw United States
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Discussion | Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). J. M. Gillett (1972) stated that the leaflet width in the basal leaves is the best distinction between the two subspecies, which are geographically isolated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | T. ciliatum var. discolor | |||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) | Douglas in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 130, plate 49. (1831) | ||||
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