Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium ornithopodioides |
|
---|---|---|
foothill clover, tree clover |
bird clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
procumbent, ascending, or erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules obovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or cuspidate; petiole 4–10 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obcordate or obovate, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins finely serrate, apex truncate or emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
axillary, 1–5-flowered, loose, oblong, 0.5–1.2 × 0.1–0.5 cm; involucres absent or bracteoles shallow, cuplike, ± equaling pedicels. |
Peduncles | 2.5–12 cm. |
0.5–2 cm. |
Pedicels | erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
straight or slightly reflexed, 1–3 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm. |
Flowers | 6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
5–10 mm; calyx campanulate, 4–4.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2.5–3 mm, lobes unequal, triangular, orifice open; corolla pink or white, 5–9 mm, banner oblong, 5–9 × 2–3 mm, apex rounded. |
Legumes | short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
stipitate, ellipsoid-oblong, 6–10 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
4–9, black or dark brown, ellipsoid-globose, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium ornithopodioides |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. | Coastal slopes, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
NB; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
Discussion | Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium ornithopodioides comprises small plants and has been considered a member of Trigonella by some authors; molecular studies by N. W. Ellison et al. (2006) showed that it is nested within Trifolium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. ciliatum var. discolor | Melilotus ornithopodioides, Trigonella ornithopodioides |
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) — (as M. ornithopodioides) |
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