Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium nigrescens |
|
---|---|---|
foothill clover, tree clover |
small white clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs annual, 10–60 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
usually erect or ascending, rarely prostrate, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 0.4–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex dark purple or reddish, sharply recurved, subulate; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or obtriangular, 0.5–2.5 × 0.3–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins denticulate, apex rounded to emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
axillary or terminal, 15–50-flowered, globose, 1–1.8 × 1–1.8 cm; involucres a narrow rim, to 0.2 mm. |
Peduncles | 2.5–12 cm. |
1.5–4 cm. |
Pedicels | erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
reflexed in fruit, 3–6 mm; bracteoles narrowly oblanceolate, 3–6.5 mm. |
Flowers | 6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
6.5–9 mm; calyx oblong, 3–5 mm, glabrous or pubescent, veins 5–10, tube 1–2.5 mm, lobes ± equal or unequal, triangular-lanceolate, recurved in fruit, margins green or purple, apex acute to acuminate, orifice open; corolla pink or white, 6–9 mm, banner obovate-oblong, 6–9 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to emarginate. |
Legumes | short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
linear-oblong, 3–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1–5, yellow or pale or dark brown, oblong, 1 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium nigrescens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Oct. |
Habitat | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. | Roadsides, lawns, fields, waste places. |
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TN; TX; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium nigrescens was shown, using molecular markers, to consist of three subspecies and to hybridize readily with T. repens (W. M. Williams et al. 2001). It was first introduced as a potential crop species in the early 1950s and is cultivated widely in the southeastern United States as a forage crop and as a nitrogen source in roadside grass plantings (C. S. Hoveland 1960). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. ciliatum var. discolor | |
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) | Viviani: Fl. Ital. Fragm., 12, plate 13. (1808) |
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