Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium monanthum |
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foothill clover, tree clover |
carpet clover, mountain carpet clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs perennial, 3–22 cm, glabrous or hairy, often mat-forming. | ||||||||||||
Stems | erect, branched. |
decumbent to ascending, much-branched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.3–1.2 cm, margins entire, serrate, or slightly lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–4.5 cm; petiolules 0.1–0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 0.3–2 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins ± dentate, serrate, or setose, apex acute, rounded, or retuse, surfaces glabrous or slightly villous. |
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Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
axillary or terminal, 1–9-flowered, solitary or subglobose, 1–1.6 × 0.3–1.2 cm; involucres campanulate, 2–5 mm, incised nearly to base, lobes 2–8, lanceolate. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–12 cm. |
0.5–2 cm. |
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Pedicels | erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
erect, 1 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
10–16 mm; calyx tubular, 2–10 mm, glabrous or pubescent, veins 10, tube 4–7 mm, lobes equal, triangular-subulate, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or lavender, keel petals usually purple-spotted, 8–16 mm, banner oblong, 8–13 × 2–5 mm, apex emarginate. |
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Legumes | short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
oblong, 2–4 mm. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2, brown, mottled, mitten-shaped, 1–2 mm, dull. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
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Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium monanthum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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w United States; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). Morphological intergradation among subspecies of Trifolium monanthum may be indicative of low genetic barriers to crossing. It might be just as plausible to divide T. mononathum into two species instead of four subspecies (J. M. Gillett 1980), with T. monanthum encompassing populations with white rhizomes, and T. multicaule encompassing populations with taproots. Trifolium monanthum often forms dense mats. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | T. ciliatum var. discolor | |||||||||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 523. (1865) | ||||||||||||
Web links |