Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium depauperatum |
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foothill clover, tree clover |
balloon sack clover, cowbag clover, dwarf sack clover, poverty clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs annual, 1–30 cm, glabrous. | ||||||||
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect or decumbent, branched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules sheathing proximally, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 0.4–1.3 cm, margins entire or serrulate, apex short triangular-cuspidate; petiole 1–5 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades lanceolate, linear, obovate, or oblanceolate, 0.4–2.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened abaxially, margins entire, serrate, or pinnately lobed, apex rounded, truncate, acute, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
axillary or terminal, 3–15-flowered, globose or depressed-globose, 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres flattened, 3–13 mm, ± distinct or incised 1/2 their length, lobes 5–7, linear to elliptic or irregular, or vestigial, reduced to narrow ring, apex rounded to broad and irregularly erose, not split. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–12 cm. |
2–6 cm. |
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Pedicels | erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
straight, 0–0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
3–10 mm; calyx campanulate, 2–5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 1–2.5 mm, lobes unequal, triangular-lanceolate or subulate, orifice open; corolla white or pink, 3–11 mm, inflated in fruit, banner broadly ovate, 4–7 × 3–8 mm, apex rounded, broad, acute, or retuse. |
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Legumes | short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
sessile or stipitate, ovoid, obovoid, or oblong, 2–4 mm. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1–6, gray or tan, mottled, mitten-shaped, 1.2–1.6 mm, irregularly bumpy. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
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Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium depauperatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||||||
Habitat | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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w North America; nw Mexico; c North America; South America (Chile, Peru)
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Discussion | Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). The three varieties of Trifolium depauperatum are relatively easily distinguished by characteristics of the involucres and fruit stipes. Leaf morphology is not helpful in making the distinctions; in each variety, leaf margins can range from nearly entire or toothed or laciniate. In the phylogenetic treatment by N. W. Ellison et al. (2006), T. depauperatum is not allied with T. fucatum and other clovers with inflated corollas but rather with T. obtusiflorum, T. trichocalyx, and T. willdenovii (although with weak support). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | T. ciliatum var. discolor | Lupinaster depauperatus | ||||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) | Desvaux: J. Bot. Agric. 4: 69, plate 32, fig. 2. (1814) | ||||||||
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