Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium beckwithii |
|
---|---|---|
foothill clover, tree clover |
Beckwith's clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs perennial, 5–50 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect or ascending, unbranched or several stems clumped from crown. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 1–2 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex acute; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades usually rhombic, oblong, or elliptic, sometimes ovate, 2.5–5 × 0.6–2 cm, base cuneate, veins slightly thickened, margins setose-serrulate, apex obtuse or retuse, surfaces glaucous abaxially, glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
terminal or axillary, 30–70+-flowered, globose or ovoid becoming subglobose, 1.5–4 × 1.8–3.3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2.5–12 cm. |
straight, thick, 5–25 cm. |
Pedicels | erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
strongly reflexed in fruit, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles minute. |
Flowers | 6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
11–14 mm, sweetly fragrant; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–6 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 2–3 mm, lobes unequal, narrowly triangular or subulate, orifice open; corolla light purplish, sometimes with pink tips, 10–13 mm, banner straight, obovate to broadly elliptic, 13–18 × 6–8 mm, apex rounded or retuse, apiculate. |
Legumes | short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
oblong, 5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
2–4, reddish brown, flattened globose, 1.5–2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 48. |
Trifolium ciliolatum |
Trifolium beckwithii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. | Moist, grassy meadows along streams. |
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | 1200–2000 m. (3900–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA
|
Discussion | Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Disjunct populations of Trifolium beckwithii found in South Dakota are over 1200 km east of the nearest populations in Montana. The South Dakota populations appear to have been long-distance introductions from populations in northern California, based on molecular data (M. R. Duvall et al. 1999). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. ciliatum var. discolor | |
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) | Brewer ex S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 128. (1876) |
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