Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium suffocatum |
|
---|---|---|
field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
small cluster clover, suffocated clover, suffocating clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 3–10 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
procumbent or erect, branched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 0.3–0.5 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate-subulate; petiole 1–6 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or obcordate, 0.3–0.8 × 0.2–0.6 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent adaxially, margins finely toothed, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary, 10–20-flowered, dense, globose, 0.5–0.8 × 0.5–0.8 cm; involucres absent, stipules forming involucrelike structures, overtopping inflorescences. |
Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
essentially absent. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
straight, 0.1 mm; bracteoles triangular, membranous, 0.5–1.2 mm, apiculate. |
Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
3–5 mm; calyx tubular, 3–5 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–3 mm, lobes subequal, lanceolate, curved in fruit, orifice open; corolla white, 2.5–3.5 mm, banner obovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1 mm, apex acute. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
ovoid-ellipsoid, 3–5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
2, yellow, lenticular or reniform, 0.8–1 mm, minutely papillate. |
2n | = 14. |
= 16. |
Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium suffocatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Apr. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | Roadsides, gravelly lawns. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
|
CA; OR; WA; w Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Chile), w Asia, s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium suffocatum is known from Monterey and San Mateo counties in California, Benton and Coos counties in Oregon, and San Juan County in Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | |
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 2: 276. (1771) |
Web links |
|