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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover

Parry's clover

Habit Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. Herbs perennial, 10–20 cm, glabrous.
Stems

erect to ascending, branched.

erect or ascending, loosely cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sparsely branched.

Leaves

pinnate;

stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate;

petiole 0.3–2 cm;

lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially.

palmate;

stipules oblong, 0.5–2 cm, margins entire, apex acute to short-acuminate;

petiole 2–10 cm;

petiolules 0.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades elliptic to obovate, 1–4.1 × 0.5–1.6 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins entire, serrulate, or dentate, apex usually acute or obtuse, rarely retuse or apiculate, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm;

involucres absent.

terminal, 15–20-flowered, globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, 1.4–3.7 × 1.8–3 cm;

involucres formed of distinct or connate bracteoles, apex acute or obtuse.

Peduncles

1.5–3.5 cm.

2.5–15 cm.

Pedicels

reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm;

bracteoles a fringe of red setae.

erect, reflexed slightly, or only those of proximal flowers reflexed, 1 mm;

bracteoles purplish, oblong, 3–6 mm, scarious.

Flowers

4.3–5 mm;

calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open;

corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute.

12–22 mm;

calyx campanulate, slightly gibbous, 6–9 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 3–4 mm, lobes unequal, subulate to narrowly triangular, orifice open;

corolla pale purplish violet, keel petals darker purple, 10–22 mm, banner broadly elliptic or obovate, 10–22 × 8–10 mm, apex rounded, acute, or retuse.

Legumes

stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm.

stipitate, oblong, 6–7 mm.

Seeds

1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous.

1–4, tan or brown, mitten-shaped, 1.5–2 mm, smooth, dull.

2n

= 14.

Trifolium campestre

Trifolium parryi

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Roadsides, fields.
Elevation 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Subdivision of Trifolium parryi into three subspecies (J. M. Gillett 1965) or two varieties (D. Isely 1998) was rejected by R. C. Barneby (1989).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences ellipsoid, 3–3.7 cm; leaflet blades thick; stipules 1.5–2 cm; peduncles thickened.
subsp. salictorum
1. Inflorescences globose or ovoid, 1.4–2.9 cm; leaflet blades thin; stipules 0.5–1 cm; peduncles slender or slightly thickened.
→ 2
2. Involucres: bracteoles relatively large, acute; inflorescences 2.1–2.9 cm; flowers 14–22 mm; Colorado, New Mexico, s Wyoming.
subsp. parryi
2. Involucres: bracteoles relatively short, obtuse; inflorescences 1.4–2.4 cm; flowers 12–17 mm; s Idaho, Montana, e Utah, n Wyoming.
subsp. montanense
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Subordinate taxa
T. parryi subsp. montanense, T. parryi subsp. parryi, T. parryi subsp. salictorum
Synonyms Chrysaspis campestris
Name authority Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) A. Gray: Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 33: 409. (1862)
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