Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium parryi |
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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
Parry's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–20 cm, glabrous. | ||||||||
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
erect or ascending, loosely cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sparsely branched. |
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Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules oblong, 0.5–2 cm, margins entire, apex acute to short-acuminate; petiole 2–10 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to obovate, 1–4.1 × 0.5–1.6 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins entire, serrulate, or dentate, apex usually acute or obtuse, rarely retuse or apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 15–20-flowered, globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, 1.4–3.7 × 1.8–3 cm; involucres formed of distinct or connate bracteoles, apex acute or obtuse. |
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Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
2.5–15 cm. |
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Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
erect, reflexed slightly, or only those of proximal flowers reflexed, 1 mm; bracteoles purplish, oblong, 3–6 mm, scarious. |
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Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
12–22 mm; calyx campanulate, slightly gibbous, 6–9 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 3–4 mm, lobes unequal, subulate to narrowly triangular, orifice open; corolla pale purplish violet, keel petals darker purple, 10–22 mm, banner broadly elliptic or obovate, 10–22 × 8–10 mm, apex rounded, acute, or retuse. |
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Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
stipitate, oblong, 6–7 mm. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
1–4, tan or brown, mitten-shaped, 1.5–2 mm, smooth, dull. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium parryi |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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w United States
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Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Subdivision of Trifolium parryi into three subspecies (J. M. Gillett 1965) or two varieties (D. Isely 1998) was rejected by R. C. Barneby (1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | |||||||||
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | A. Gray: Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 33: 409. (1862) | ||||||||
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