Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium macilentum |
|
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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
lean clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 12–38 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched distally. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate-elliptic on basal leaves, triangular-ovate on distal leaves, 0.8–3 cm, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–15 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, rhombic, or lanceolate, 1–4.5 × 0.3–2.5 cm, thin, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins serrate, those of basal leaves setose and/or dentate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 20–40-flowered, ovoid or obovoid, 2–4 × 1.4–3.5 cm, rachis internodes between floral whorls elongated; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
4–15 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
reflexed, to 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt. |
Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
14–17 mm; calyx campanulate, 4–5.7 mm, sparsely hairy, veins 10, tube 2–3.5 mm, lobes unequal, shorter than tube, narrowly triangular, orifice open; corolla violet or deep purple, 14–17 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 14–16 × 8–10 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
1–3, brown, flattened ovoid, 2 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
2n | = 14. |
|
Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium macilentum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | Dry hillsides. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 1200–2800 m. (3900–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
|
NV; UT |
Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium macilentum and morphologically similar species (T. dedeckerae, T. kingii, T. productum, and T. rollinsii) have been treated in diverse ways. J. M. Gillett (1972) recognized the latter four as distinct and considered T. macilentum a subspecies of T. kingii. D. Isely (1998) recognized T. kingii, T. macilentum, and T. productum, and considered T. dedeckerae and T. rollinsii to be varieties of T. macilentum. R. C. Barneby (1989) treated these as two species, T. kingii (with T. productum in synonymy) and T. macilentum (with T. dedeckerae and T. rollinsii as varieties). M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984) recognized T. kingii, with the other four taxa considered subspecies. As treated here, T. macilentum is known from extreme southwestern Utah and adjacent Nevada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | |
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 223. (1897) |
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