Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium kentuckiense |
|
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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
Kentucky clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs annual or biennial, 10–30 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
decumbent, branched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules broadly ovate, 1.3–1.7 cm, margins entire or faintly denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 7–17 cm (distalmost 6–8 cm); petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate or orbiculate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.9 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins dentate to denticulate, apex rounded or obcordate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 20–50-flowered, globose becoming subglobose or hemispheric, 1.2–2.5 × 1.8–2.7 cm; involucres a narrow rim. |
Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
2.2–2.5 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
reflexed in fruit, 5–7 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, membranous, to 0.5 mm, truncate. |
Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
9–11 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–2 mm, lobes equal, narrowly triangular to subulate, 2–3.7 mm, orifice open; corolla white, 9–10 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 9–10 × 6–8 mm, apex rounded or retuse. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
oblong, 3–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
2–4, yellow to brown, purple-mottled, globose, 1.2–1.5 mm, slightly rugose. |
2n | = 14. |
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Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium kentuckiense |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | Cedar glades. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 150–300 m. (500–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
|
KY |
Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
According to Chapel and Vincent, Trifolium kentuckiense, endemic to the Bluegrass region, has been found in only one population in each of Fayette and Franklin counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | |
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | Chapel & Vincent: Phytoneuron 2013-63: 4, figs. 3, 4. (2013) |
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