Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium haydenii |
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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
Hayden's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 5–10 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
ascending, cespitose, short-branched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
mostly basal, palmate; stipules lanceolate, 0.4–0.8 cm, margins entire or lobed, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–6 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly ovate, 0.4–2 × 0.3–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened distally, ± straight, sometimes arching distally, 0.5+ mm apart, 5–10 pairs of primary veins, margins sharply antrorse-serrate, apex acute, short-apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 5–20-flowered, erect, globose or subglobose, 0.5–1.5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres a narrow, membranous, dentate rim, 0.5 mm. |
Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
straight distally, proximal to inflorescence, 5–8 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
strongly reflexed, 1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, truncate, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
13–17 mm; calyx campanulate, 4.5–6.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10 (5 sometimes faint), tube 2–3 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular-subulate, equaling tube, orifice open; corolla salmon, buff-pink, or pink, with white or cream tips, 13–17 mm, banner broadly elliptic-oblong, 13–17 × 6–8 mm, apex rounded, retuse or slightly apiculate. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
stipitate, obovoid-oblong, 6–7 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
1–4, brown, lenticular-ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 14. |
= 16. |
Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium haydenii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | Alpine and subalpine slopes. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 2200–3800 m. (7200–12500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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ID; MT; WY
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Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium haydenii, which is found in east-central Idaho, southwestern Montana, and northwestern Wyoming, appears related to T. kingii, T. productum, and similar species (J. M. Gillett 1972) and is sometimes confused with T. latifolium (Gillett 1969), from which it differs by the absence of hairs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | T. idahoense |
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | Porter in F. V. Hayden: Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Montana, 480. (1872) — (as haydeni) |
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