Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium douglasii |
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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
Douglas' clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 20–75 cm, glabrous or slightly pilose. |
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
erect, unbranched or sparsely branched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–6.5 cm, margins setose-serrulate or entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–15 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic-oblanceolate to linear-elliptic, 3–9.5 × 0.5–1.6 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, recurved, dichotomously forked near margin, margins setose-denticulate to serrate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces glaucous, glabrous, sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 30–50+-flowered, umbellate, globose to ovoid, 1.5–5 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
3–12 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
erect or slightly reflexed, to 0.2 mm; bracteoles minute. |
Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
14–16 mm; calyx campanulate, 6–9 mm, pilose, veins 15–20, tube 1.5–3 mm, lobes unequal, narrow, triangular or subulate, abaxial lobe straight, lateral and adaxial tortuous, recurved inwards around corolla, orifice open; corolla magenta, 12–16 mm, banner oblong, 12–16 × 4–6 mm, apex flared, acute or obtuse; ovaries glabrous or pubescent distally. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
ovoid, 3–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
1 or 2, tan to brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, slightly roughened. |
2n | = 14. |
= 16. |
Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium douglasii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | Moist meadows, rich soils in prairies, stream bottoms and banks, openings in pine forests. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 600–1500 m. (2000–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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ID; OR; WA
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Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium douglasii is rare throughout its range and has been impacted by agricultural practices (P. Camp et al. 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | T. altissimum |
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | House: Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. (1906) |
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