Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium dichotomum |
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field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
branch clover, branch Indian clover, Macrae's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 15–30 cm, canescent. |
Stems | erect to ascending, branched. |
erect, branched from base and distally, or unbranched. |
Leaves | pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
palmate; stipules ovate or elliptic, 0.3–1 cm, margins entire, ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm; petiolules 0.5–0.7 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure or slightly thickened, margins dentate, apex rounded or emarginate, surfaces pilose or glabrescent. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 15–35-flowered, ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.1–2.2 × 1–1.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1.5–3.5 cm. |
2.5–10 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
absent; bracteoles cuplike, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
10–12 mm; calyx tubular, 4–8 mm, densely pubescent, veins 20–30, tube 2–4 mm, lobes nearly equal, appearing rigidly erect, linear-setaceous, plumose, sinuses acute, orifice open; corolla red-violet to pink, with pink or white tips, 7–12 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 9–11 × 3–4 mm, apex broadly rounded, emarginate. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
obovoid, 3–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
1, yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 14. |
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Trifolium campestre |
Trifolium dichotomum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields. | Grassy slopes, meadows, adjacent to chaparral, serpentine soils, coastal dunes, open slopes, meadows, oak woodlands, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium dichotomum is reportedly tetraploid (H. Wexelsen 1928) and closely related to the diploid T. albopurpureum. A so-called small form of T. dichotomum was named T. dichotomum var. turbinatum [T. californicum forma turbinatum (Jepson) McDermott]. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis campestris | T. albopurpureum var. dichotomum, T. californicum, T. dichotomum var. turbinatum, T. insularum, T. macraei var. dichotomum, T. petrophilum |
Name authority | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) | Hooker & Arnott: Bot. Beechey Voy., 330. (1838) |
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