Trifolium bolanderi |
Trifolium columbinum |
|
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Bolander's clover, parasol clover |
olive clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 15–30 cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 8–30 cm, canescent. |
Stems | ascending, cespitose, branched. |
erect, branched from base and distally, or unbranched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 0.6–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obcordate, obovate, or elliptic, 1–1.9 × 0.5–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins fine to slightly thickened, margins setose, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins entire, ciliate, apex often purple, acuminate, setaceous; petiole 0.5–8 cm; petiolules 0.5–1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or elliptic, 0.5–3 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure or slightly thickened, margins dentate, apex rounded or emarginate, surfaces pilose. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 12–30-flowered, ovoid, 1–2 × 1.5–3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 25–50-flowered, ovoid-ellipsoid, 1–2.5 × 1.2–2.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | slender, bent distally, just below flowers, 5–20 cm. |
3–11 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed, 1–1.2 mm; bracteoles minute, cuplike. |
absent; bracteoles cuplike, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 12–14 mm; calyx deep violet, campanulate, gibbous, 3–5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes unequal, triangular-subulate, orifice open; corolla lavender to purplish, 11–12 mm, banner curved, oblanceolate, 10–12 × 3–4 mm, apex narrow, rounded, slightly emarginate. |
6–10 mm; calyx tubular, 8–14 mm, densely pubescent, veins 20–30, tube 1–2 mm, lobes nearly equal, appearing rigidly erect, linear-setaceous, plumose, sinuses acute, orifice open; corolla sometimes absent, red-violet, often with white tips, 4–6 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 7–8 × 2–3 mm, apex broadly rounded, apiculate. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 3–4 mm. |
obovoid, 3–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, ellipsoid, 1.2–1.5 mm, smooth. |
1, yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. |
Trifolium bolanderi |
Trifolium columbinum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Meadows. | Grassy slopes, meadows, heavy adobe/clay soils, oak woodland foothills. |
Elevation | 2000–2300 m. (6600–7500 ft.) | 0–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA |
CA |
Discussion | Trifolium bolanderi is known from the Sierra Nevada in California and may be vulnerable to shifts in climate patterns. Genetic diversity of populations of the species (based on allozyme patterns) was found to be relatively high; two genetically distinct groups of populations are known (R. G. Denton 2002). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
D. Isely (1998) stated that Central Valley populations of Trifolium columbinum appeared to be extinct and populations outside that region (and here recognized as the same taxon) were similar in calyx and corolla proportions. It is rather widespread in California, ranging from Humboldt County southward to Santa Barbara County, and eastward into counties ranging from Shasta southward to Inyo, Kern, and Placer counties. Trifolium albopurpureum var. olivaceum (Greene) Isely and T. columbinum var. olivaceum (Greene) Jepson are illegitimate names that pertain here (D. J. Keil 2019). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. albopurpureum var. columbinum, T. columbinum var. argillorum, T. olivaceum, T. olivaceum var. columbinum, T. olivaceum var. griseum | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 335. (1868) | Greene: Pittonia 1: 4. (1887) |
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