Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium variegatum |
|
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
variegated clover, white-tip clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 1.5–48+ cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
usually erect, ascending, or prostrate, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.3–1 cm, margins lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–9 cm; petiolules to 0.8 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or obcordate, 0.2–5 × 0.1–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins denticulate, apex acute or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
terminal or axillary, 1–20+-flowered, subglobose or globose, 0.5–1.3 × 0.1–1 cm; involucres flat, 2–6 mm, incised 1/2 their length, lobes 2–7, lacerate. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
0.5–5 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
straight, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
5–11 mm; calyx campanulate, not slit between adaxial lobes, 1.9–2.4 mm, glabrous, veins 10–20, tube 1.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular, margins usually entire, rarely with a small lateral tooth, orifice open; corolla purple, usually white-tipped, 3–10 mm, banner obovate, 3–10 × 0.6–2.6 mm, apex emarginate. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
oblong or ellipsoid, 2–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
2, blackish brown, sometimes mottled, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1–1.6 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium variegatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | Wet places, coastal hills, meadows. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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AK; AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium variegatum is widespread and morphologically variable (B. G. Foster and M. A. Vincent 2018). Because of this variability, T. variegatum and related species were treated as seven so-called phases by D. Isely (1998), who described these as ecotypic groups, some of which might deserve varietal or specific rank. C. S. Cooper (1957) considered T. variegatum a good choice for cultivation in wet areas for grazing and hay production. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | T. dianthum, T. geminiflorum, T. melananthum, T. pusillum, T. spinulosum var. triste, T. subsalinum, T. tridentatum var. melananthum, T. ultramontanum, T. variegatum var. geminiflorum, T. variegatum var. melananthum |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 317. (1838) |
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