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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover

Persian clover, reversed clover

Habit Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, glabrous or glabrescent.
Stems

erect, branched.

ascending, erect, or procumbent, branched.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular;

petiole 1–7 cm;

petiolules to 0.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein.

palmate;

stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.5–1.8 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate-filiform;

petiole 0.5–20 cm;

petiolules to 1 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate, ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 1–3 × 0.5–3 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins spinulose-dentate, apex rounded or broadly acute, surfaces hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Inflorescences

axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers;

involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm.

axillary, 15–30-flowered, subglobose to globose, flowers resupinate, forming stellate-spreading clusters in fruit, 0.5–1.6 × 0.8–1.5 cm;

involucres a narrow rim, 0.2 mm.

Peduncles

3–8 cm.

1–6 cm.

Pedicels

reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm;

bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm.

slightly reflexed, to 0.5 mm;

bracteoles minute or absent.

Flowers

6–8 mm;

calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open;

corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate.

5–6 mm;

calyx tubular-campanulate, inflated in fruit, markedly asymmetric-bilabiate, slit between adaxial lobes, 2.5–3 mm, 8–11 mm in fruit, hairy, short-hairy or glabrescent in fruit, veins 10, connected by lateral veins, tube 2 mm, 7–9 mm in fruit, lobes green, erect, unequal, triangular, divergent, linear-lanceolate, unequal in fruit, orifice open;

corolla pink to purple, 5–8 mm, banner oblong, 5–8 × 2 mm, apex emarginate to crenulate.

Legumes

stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm.

lenticular, 1.8–2.2 mm.

Seeds

1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth.

1, ovoid, dark purple, olive green, yellow, or reddish brown, 1.5–1.9 mm, smooth, dull.

2n

= 16.

= 14, 16, 32.

Trifolium bifidum

Trifolium resupinatum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Open woodlands, fields, road­sides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. Wet meadows, lawns, road­sides, fields, waste places.
Elevation 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; ND; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; c Europe; s Europe; sw Asia; n Africa; intro­duced also in s South America (Argentina, Uruguay); s Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.

Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Widespread use of Trifolium resupinatum as a forage crop began in the late 1920s, after it began to flourish in Louisiana following a flood of the Mississippi River (E. A. Hollowell 1943). It is used in the southern United States as a pasture plant and for production of hay, and has spread widely from cultivation.

Reports of Trifolium resupinatum for New Brunswick and Quebec are based on old collections; since the species has not been recollected for many years in either province, they are excluded here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Synonyms T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 771. (1753)
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