Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium plumosum |
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
plumed clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–60 cm, villous. | ||||
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, branched or unbranched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules linear, oblong, or ovate, 1.5–2.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrulate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–20 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate-elliptic, often folded, falcate, 4–11 × 0.1–1.6 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins denticulate, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces villous. |
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Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
terminal, 70–80-flowered, spicate, ovoid to cylindric, 3–6 × 2.5–3 cm; involucres absent. |
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Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
2–6 cm. |
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Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
erect or absent, 0–0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
17–18 mm; calyx campanulate, 5 mm, villous, veins 20, tube 2.5 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, straight, orifice open; corolla creamy white, keel petals crimson, 12–22 mm, banner oblong, 12–22 × 3–5 mm, apex acute; ovaries glabrous or pubescent distally. |
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Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
obovoid, 4–5 mm. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1–3, reddish brown or tan, ellipsoid, 1.8–2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
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Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium plumosum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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nw United States
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Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). J. M. Gillett (1972) stated that the leaflet width in the basal leaves is the best distinction between the two subspecies, which are geographically isolated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | |||||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | Douglas in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 130, plate 49. (1831) | ||||
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