Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium hydrophilum |
|
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
saline clover, water sack clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 15–55 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 0.4–1.3 cm, sheathing proximally, margins entire or serrate, apex acuminate; petiole 3–9 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to oblanceolate, 1.2–3 × 0.3–1.4 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins serrate, apex rounded or truncate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
axillary or terminal, 5–15-flowered, ellipsoid, 1–1.8 × 1.3–1.5 cm; involucres flattened, 3–4 mm, shallowly incised, lobes 5–8, elliptic, apex rounded to truncate and irregularly erose, not split. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
3.5–6 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
erect, 1 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
7–11 mm; calyx campanulate-tubular, 2.5–5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 1–2.5 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open; corolla reddish purple, 7–9 mm, inflated in fruit, banner oblong, 7–9 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, retuse. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
stipitate, ovate-oblong, 4 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2, red-brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 2 mm, smooth or papillate. |
2n | = 16. |
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Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium hydrophilum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | Wet, alkaline soils, salt marshes. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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CA |
Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium hydrophilum is closely allied to T. depauperatum and is restricted to the Sacramento Valley, northwestern San Joaquin Valley, and central-western California; it grows in moist areas, sometimes in standing water (M. A. Vincent and D. Isely 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | T. amplectens var. hydrophilum, T. depauperatum var. hydrophilum |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | Greene: Man. Bot. San Francisco, 100. (1894) |
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