Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium douglasii |
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
Douglas' clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 20–75 cm, glabrous or slightly pilose. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, unbranched or sparsely branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–6.5 cm, margins setose-serrulate or entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–15 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic-oblanceolate to linear-elliptic, 3–9.5 × 0.5–1.6 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, recurved, dichotomously forked near margin, margins setose-denticulate to serrate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces glaucous, glabrous, sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
terminal or axillary, 30–50+-flowered, umbellate, globose to ovoid, 1.5–5 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
3–12 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
erect or slightly reflexed, to 0.2 mm; bracteoles minute. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
14–16 mm; calyx campanulate, 6–9 mm, pilose, veins 15–20, tube 1.5–3 mm, lobes unequal, narrow, triangular or subulate, abaxial lobe straight, lateral and adaxial tortuous, recurved inwards around corolla, orifice open; corolla magenta, 12–16 mm, banner oblong, 12–16 × 4–6 mm, apex flared, acute or obtuse; ovaries glabrous or pubescent distally. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
ovoid, 3–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2, tan to brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, slightly roughened. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium douglasii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | Moist meadows, rich soils in prairies, stream bottoms and banks, openings in pine forests. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 600–1500 m. (2000–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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ID; OR; WA
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Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium douglasii is rare throughout its range and has been impacted by agricultural practices (P. Camp et al. 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | T. altissimum |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | House: Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. (1906) |
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