Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium cernuum |
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
drooping clover, nodding clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
prostrate, ascending, or erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 0.9–1 cm, margins entire, apex long-acuminate, reflexing; petiole 1–10 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or obcordate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, recurved, margins coarsely dentate, apex rounded, truncate, or emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
axillary or terminal, 8–20-flowered, depressed-globose, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
0.6–1.5 cm, becoming shorter distally. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
reflexed in fruit, 0.5–2 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
4–5.5 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, 4 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.2 mm, lobes subequal, triangular-subulate, margins green, pink, or purple, orifice open; corolla pink, 4–5 mm, banner obovate, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, apex deeply emarginate. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
ovoid-ellipsoid, 4 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1–4, yellow, ovoid, 0.8–1 mm, minutely papillate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium cernuum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | Roadsides, lawns. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–150 m. (0–500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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CA; OR; SC; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium cernuum is a relatively recent introduction in the flora area. Other than a record from wool mill waste in North Carolina in 1932, the earliest records are from the 1990s in California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | Brotero: Phytogr. Lusit. Select. 1: 150, plate 62. (1816) |
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