Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium arvense |
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
hare's foot, hare's-foot clover, rabbit's-foot clover, rabbit-foot clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 5–30 cm, villous. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, branched distally. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex filiform; petiole 0.4–4.5 cm; petiolules 1+ mm; leaflets 3, blades linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic, 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins denticulate distally, apex mucronate, surfaces hairy. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
axillary or terminal, 30–100-flowered, ovoid or cylindric, elongate in fruit, 1–2.3 × 0.9–1.2 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
0.5–2.5 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
straight, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles obtuse, to 0.1 mm. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
5–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 5–8 mm, villous, veins 10, tube 1.2–1.8 mm, lobes purple or pink, subequal, setacous, orifice open, hairy; corolla white to pink, 3–6 mm, much shorter than calyx, banner narrowly ovate-elliptic, 5–5.5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 1.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1, yellow, globose, 1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2n | = 16. |
= 14. |
Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium arvense |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | Waste places, roadsides, fields. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay), s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium arvense is widely distributed throughout the flora area. It was listed among cultivated clovers by F. J. Hermann (1953); J. M. Gillett (1985) expressed doubt that it had been cultivated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 769. (1753) |
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