Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium angustifolium |
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notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover, piñole clover |
narrow-leaf clover, narrow-leaf crimson clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–55 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 10–30 cm, appressed-pubescent. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, unbranched to sparsely branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex acicular; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades narrowly obcordate, obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins serrate distally or entire, apex rounded, truncate, shallowly to deeply retuse, or deeply 2-fid, surfaces glabrous or hairy abaxially along midvein. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate to linear, 0.5–2.2 cm, margins entire, apex lanceolate-linear; petiole 2–3 cm; petiolules 1+ mm; leaflets 3, blades linear-lanceolate, 3–5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces hairy. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a very narrow rim, to 0.5 mm. |
terminal, 25–75-flowered, spicate, cylindric or conic, 3–8 × 1.5–2 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm. |
1–2.2 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly triangular, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
erect, 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–3.6 mm, slightly hairy or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla pink or purple, 5–7 mm, banner elliptic to oblong, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
10–13 mm; calyx tubular, 8–13 mm, tuberculate with appressed, stiff hairs, veins 10, tube 3–5 mm, lobes unequal, abaxial lobes longest, subulate-setaceous, spreading stellate in fruit, orifice closed by bilabiate callosities, hairy; corolla usually pale pink or purple, rarely white, 9–12 mm, banner ovate-elliptic, 9–12 × 2–2.5 mm, apex notched. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 2.2–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, mottled, oblong, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1, light brown or yellow, ovoid, 1.6–2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2n | = 16. |
= 14, 16. |
Trifolium bifidum |
Trifolium angustifolium |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Apr. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, fields, roadsides, slopes, stream margins, meadows. | Waste places, fields, meadows. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; CA; OR; SC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Chile, Uruguay), s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium bifidum ranges from Baja California, Mexico, northward through California to scattered sites in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Recent re-evaluation of Trifolium bifidum and related species showed complete overlap in characters for the two varieties that have been recognized previously, with no clear distinctions between them (L. Rogers, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium angustifolium is spreading rapidly in west-central California and is weedy in many regions globally (R. P. Randall 2002). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. greenei, T. hallii | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 102. (1864) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 769. (1753) |
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