Trifolium barbigerum |
Trifolium campestre |
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bearded clover |
field clover, hop clover, hop trefoil, low hop-clover, pinnate hop clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 7–20 cm, puberulent or glabrous. | Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, slightly villous or glabrous. |
Stems | decumbent or erect, branched. |
erect to ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–1.1 cm, margins toothed or lacerate, apex acute-acuminate; petiole 1–10 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades oblanceolate or obovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.4–0.7 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, thickened distally, margins ± serrate or entire, apex rounded or retuse, surfaces pubescent or glabrous. |
pinnate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, glandular, apex acuminate; petiole 0.3–2 cm; lateral leaflet petiolules 0.5–0.6 mm, terminal leaflet stalk 3–5 mm; leaflets 3, blades rhombic to obovate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate distally, apex truncate or retuse, surfaces strigose adaxially. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 5–20-flowered, subglobose or globose, 0.6–1.5 × 1–1.5 cm; involucres bowl-shaped, 5–15 mm, lobes 6–10, sharply setaceous-toothed, sinuses shallow. |
axillary, 30–60-flowered, globose or broadly ovoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 5–10 cm. |
1.5–3.5 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 0.2 mm; bracteoles absent. |
reflexed, 0.7–1.2 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
Flowers | 4–6 mm; calyx campanulate, 5–9 mm, usually pubescent, rarely glabrous, veins 5, tube 2–3 mm, lobes ± equal, setaceous, often exceeding banner, orifice open; corolla usually lavender to purple, usually with white tips, rarely wholly white, 5–8 mm, banner broadly oblong, proximally inflated in fruit, distally narrowed into twisted tip, 6–8 × 6–8 mm, apex broadly acute. |
4.3–5 mm; calyx campanulate, strongly bilabiate, 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.3–0.6 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, very short, lateral and abaxial linear-subulate, each tipped with 1 or 2 stiff hairs, orifice open; corolla yellow becoming brown, 3.5–6 mm, ribbed, banner persistent, obovate, enveloping other petals, boat-shaped, 4.3–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, apex broad, acute. |
Legumes | ovoid-ellipsoid, 2–3 mm. |
stipitate, oblong, 2–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, brown, ellipsoid to subglobose, 1–1.5 mm, slightly roughened. |
1 or 2, yellow, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 14. |
Trifolium barbigerum |
Trifolium campestre |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Vernal pools, stream banks, meadows, lawns. | Roadsides, fields. |
Elevation | 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.) | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, e Asia (China), s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium barbigerum is relatively common and widespread in California, and extends northward into Coos, Curry, and Jackson counties in Oregon. It is morphologically similar to T. physanthum of Chile, to which it is a sister species in phylogenetic studies (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium filiforme Linnaeus and T. procumbens Linnaeus are rejected names that were used historically for T. campestre (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. minutissimum | Chrysaspis campestris |
Name authority | Torrey in War Department [U.S.]: Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 79. (1857) | Schreber in G. F. Hoffmann: Deutschl. Fl. 4: 16, plate 253. (1804) |
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