Trifolium aureum |
Trifolium obtusiflorum |
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golden clover, golden hop clover, greater hop clover, hop clover, large hop clover, large hop trefoil, palmate hop clover, yellow clover |
clammy clover, creek clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, glabrous or hirsute. | Herbs annual, 2–100 cm, resinous stipitate-glandular. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or profusely branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules oblanceolate, 0.9–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate or cuspidate; petiole 0.8–1 cm; petiolules 0–1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1–2.8 × 0.6–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate, apex acute, truncate, or retuse, mucronate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 1–1.5 cm, sheathing, margins deeply lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–10 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, rhombic, or obovate, 1.5–4 × 0.3–1.7 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins coarsely spinulose-serrate, apex acute, mucronate, surfaces glandular. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 20–80-flowered, usually ovoid-cylindric, sometimes globose, 1.2–2 × 1.3 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 10–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, 1–3.5 × 1–3 cm; involucres flattened or bowl-shaped, 3–8 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 1/4–1/3 their length. |
Peduncles | 2–5 cm. |
3–15 cm, glandular. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.3–0.6 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
erect, 1 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 7–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.8–1 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, 0.6–0.9 mm, 1/2 length of abaxial, abaxial linear, orifice open; corolla golden yellow becoming brown, 5–6 mm, banner persistent, obovate, boat-shaped, 4–4.5 × 2.4–2.6 mm, apex emarginate. |
13–20 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, slit between adaxial lobes, 10–13 mm, glandular, veins 20+, tube 5–7 mm, lobes unequal, narrowly triangular or lanceolate-subulate, usually entire, rarely 3-fid or shouldered below apex, orifice open; corolla white or pale pinkish with dark purple spot, 10–18 mm, banner broadly elliptic, 10–18 × 2–4 mm, apex blunt. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 3–3.5 mm, longer than calyx. |
obovoid, 3.5–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1, pale yellow-green, ovoid, 1–1.2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1 or 2, brown, mottled, ellipsoid or mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 14, 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium aureum |
Trifolium obtusiflorum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Roadsides, railroads, fields, disturbed woodland glades. | Moist swales, creek bottoms. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 0–1600 m. (0–5200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; n Europe; c Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Chile), e Asia (e China), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa)
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Discussion | Trifolium agrarium Linnaeus is a rejected name that has been used historically for T. aureum (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium obtusiflorum is much less common than the similar T. willdenovii, occurring in moist areas in cismontane California and north into Oregon (W. L. Jepson [1923–1925]). It is easy to distinguish from T. willdenovii by its glandularity, which causes fresh specimens to be sticky to the touch. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis aurea | T. majus, T. roscidum, T. tridentatum var. obtusiflorum |
Name authority | Pollich: Hist. Pl. Palat. 2: 344. (1777) | Hooker: Bot. Beechey Voy., 331. (1838) |
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