Trifolium aureum |
Trifolium gracilentum |
|
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golden clover, golden hop clover, greater hop clover, hop clover, large hop clover, large hop trefoil, palmate hop clover, yellow clover |
pin point clover, slender clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, glabrous or hirsute. | Herbs annual, 2–60 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or profusely branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules oblanceolate, 0.9–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate or cuspidate; petiole 0.8–1 cm; petiolules 0–1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1–2.8 × 0.6–0.8 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, ± parallel, ascending, margins denticulate, apex acute, truncate, or retuse, mucronate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–2.5 cm, membranous, margins entire or slightly serrate, apex long-acuminate; petiole 0.5–9 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to obcordate, 0.5–2.5 × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins setose-serrulate, apex rounded, shallowly retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 20–80-flowered, usually ovoid-cylindric, sometimes globose, 1.2–2 × 1.3 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 10–25-flowered, globose to subglobose, 0.5–2 × 0.5–2 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres a narrow, membranous, dentate rim, to 0.5 mm. |
Peduncles | 2–5 cm. |
1–9 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed, 0.3–0.6 mm; bracteoles a fringe of red setae. |
becoming dramatically reflexed, 3–4 mm; bracteoles low, cuplike, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 7–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 0.8–1 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial deltate, 0.6–0.9 mm, 1/2 length of abaxial, abaxial linear, orifice open; corolla golden yellow becoming brown, 5–6 mm, banner persistent, obovate, boat-shaped, 4–4.5 × 2.4–2.6 mm, apex emarginate. |
5–7.5 mm; calyx narrowly campanulate, 4.5–6.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes unequal, long-triangular, margins green or purple, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–8 mm, banner ovate, 5–8 × 3–4 mm, apex broadly rounded, retuse or apiculate. |
Legumes | stipitate, oblong, 3–3.5 mm, longer than calyx. |
ovoid-ellipsoid, 4–6 mm. |
Seeds | 1, pale yellow-green, ovoid, 1–1.2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1 or 2, tan to brown, mitten-shaped, 1.1–1.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 14, 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium aureum |
Trifolium gracilentum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, railroads, fields, disturbed woodland glades. | Open, grassy areas, gravelly ridges, roadsides, adobe slopes, moist places. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 50–1200 m. (200–3900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; n Europe; c Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Chile), e Asia (e China), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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AZ; CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Trifolium agrarium Linnaeus is a rejected name that has been used historically for T. aureum (J. E. Dandy 1958; N. J. Turland et al. 1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Abundance of Trifolium gracilentum increases in response to burns (J. M. DiTomaso et al. 1999). The record of Trifolium gracilentum from South Carolina is a waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chrysaspis aurea | T. denudatum, T. exile, T. gracilentum var. exile, T. gracilentum var. inconspicuum, T. gracilentum var. reductum, T. inconspicuum |
Name authority | Pollich: Hist. Pl. Palat. 2: 344. (1777) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 316. (1838) |
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