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Anderson's clover, fiveleaf clover

Persian clover, reversed clover

Habit Herbs perennial, 5–12 cm, canescent. Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, glabrous or glabrescent.
Stems

erect-ascending, cespitose, mat-forming, branched;

from deep taproot-like crown.

ascending, erect, or procumbent, branched.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules ovate or lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex long-acuminate;

petiole 1–5 cm;

petiolules to 0.5 mm;

leaflets (3–)5, blades obovate, 0.5–2.2 × 0.2–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins obscured by pubescence, margins entire, apex rounded or acute, apiculate, surfaces canescent.

palmate;

stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.5–1.8 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate-filiform;

petiole 0.5–20 cm;

petiolules to 1 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate, ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 1–3 × 0.5–3 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins spinulose-dentate, apex rounded or broadly acute, surfaces hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Inflorescences

axillary, 10–20-flowered, depressed-globose, 1–2 × 1–2.3 cm;

involucres formed of connate, narrow, membranous bracts, to 0.5 mm.

axillary, 15–30-flowered, subglobose to globose, flowers resupinate, forming stellate-spreading clusters in fruit, 0.5–1.6 × 0.8–1.5 cm;

involucres a narrow rim, 0.2 mm.

Peduncles

1–14 cm.

1–6 cm.

Pedicels

absent;

bracteoles absent.

slightly reflexed, to 0.5 mm;

bracteoles minute or absent.

Flowers

10–17 mm;

calyx campanulate, 9–11 mm, pilose, veins 10, tube 4–5 mm, lobes equal, subulate, plumose, orifice open;

corolla white or pink, 10–17 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 12–19 × 3–5 mm, apex rounded, retuse.

5–6 mm;

calyx tubular-campanulate, inflated in fruit, markedly asymmetric-bilabiate, slit between adaxial lobes, 2.5–3 mm, 8–11 mm in fruit, hairy, short-hairy or glabrescent in fruit, veins 10, connected by lateral veins, tube 2 mm, 7–9 mm in fruit, lobes green, erect, unequal, triangular, divergent, linear-lanceolate, unequal in fruit, orifice open;

corolla pink to purple, 5–8 mm, banner oblong, 5–8 × 2 mm, apex emarginate to crenulate.

Legumes

ellipsoid, 4–5 mm.

lenticular, 1.8–2.2 mm.

Seeds

1 (or 2), tan or brown, irregularly ovoid, 1.6–2 mm, smooth, glossy.

1, ovoid, dark purple, olive green, yellow, or reddish brown, 1.5–1.9 mm, smooth, dull.

2n

= 14, 16, 32.

Trifolium andersonii

Trifolium resupinatum

Phenology Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Wet meadows, lawns, road­sides, fields, waste places.
Elevation 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; ND; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; c Europe; s Europe; sw Asia; n Africa; intro­duced also in s South America (Argentina, Uruguay); s Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Trifolium andersonii encompasses three moderately well separable subspecies, with subsp. andersonii the more northern form in the range of the species, subsp. monoense in the southwestern portion of the range, and subsp. beatleyae in the eastern portion of the range (J. M. Gillett 1972). Intermediates between the latter two (and overlap in their ranges) make differentiation between them somewhat problematic, which prompted R. C. Barneby (1989) to combine them as var. beatleyae.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Widespread use of Trifolium resupinatum as a forage crop began in the late 1920s, after it began to flourish in Louisiana following a flood of the Mississippi River (E. A. Hollowell 1943). It is used in the southern United States as a pasture plant and for production of hay, and has spread widely from cultivation.

Reports of Trifolium resupinatum for New Brunswick and Quebec are based on old collections; since the species has not been recollected for many years in either province, they are excluded here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaflet blades 0.5–1.1 cm, surfaces with appressed hairs to l mm; 3000–4000 m.
subsp. monoense
1. Leaflet blades 0.9–2.2 cm, surfaces with spreading hairs 1.5–2 mm; 800–2500 m.
→ 2
2. Peduncles l–3 cm, not overtopping leaves.
subsp. andersonii
2. Peduncles 4–14 cm, overtopping leaves.
subsp. beatleyae
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Subordinate taxa
T. andersonii subsp. andersonii, T. andersonii subsp. beatleyae, T. andersonii subsp. monoense
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 522. (1865) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 771. (1753)
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