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burr-nut, Jamaican feverplant, puncture vine

Habit Herbs, perennial; herbage hairy (often silvery gray), becoming glabrate.
Stems

prostrate to suberect, green to reddish, to 0.8 m, densely sericeous, ± hirsute, especially at nodes.

Leaves

2.5–8.5 × 1–2.6 cm;

stipules 3–9 × 1–4 mm;

leaflets 12–16(–20), obliquely oblong to elliptic, largest 6–21 × 2.5–9 mm, densely sericeous when young, whitish abaxially.

Pedicels

longer than shorter pair of leaves, in flower (6–)19–35 mm, in fruit 11–34 mm, apex bent.

Flowers

15–25 mm diam.;

sepals lanceolate, 5–9 × 1.5–3.5 mm, ciliate, densely strigose, silky-pubescent;

petals obovate-cuneate, (5.5–)7–17 × (3–)5–11 mm;

outer whorl of nectary glands green, inner whorl basally connate into 5-lobed urceolate ring surrounding base of ovary, yellow, broadly triangular, to 1 mm;

stamen filaments 2.5–5 mm;

anthers yellow, oblong-cordate to narrowly sagittate, 1–3 mm;

ovary 1.5–3 mm diam.;

style 5-ridged, cylindric, stout, 1–2 mm;

stigma globose to pyramidal.

Schizocarps

8–10 mm diam. excluding 7 mm spines;

mericarps bearing 2 conic spreading 5–7 mm dorsal spines and sometimes 2 smaller retrorse spines near base [rarely spines absent and mericarps tuberculate, or spine 1], body green to gray, hispid, densely sericeous to strigose or glabrate.

Tribulus cistoides

Phenology Flowering year-round.
Habitat Dry disturbed habitats, especially in maritime areas.
Elevation 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; GA; LA; s Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, n South America, Pacific Islands]
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Tribulus cistoides, native to tropical and subtropical southern Africa, is occasionally grown in sandy soils as a garden ornamental or along roads to stabilize shifting soils (D. M. Porter 1972). Although T. cistoides has been reported from Texas, no specimen has been seen and it apparently does not occur there. The species has been introduced to the Galápagos Islands, but not to mainland Ecuador.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 38.
Parent taxa Zygophyllaceae > Tribulus
Sibling taxa
T. terrestris
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 387. (1753)
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