The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

candleberry tree, Chinese tallow, Chinese tallowtree, popcorn tree, tallowtree

Habit Trees, to 13 m (fertile from 1 m).
Leaves

stipules persistent, elliptic, 0.7–1 × 0.5–0.7 mm;

petiole 2–7 cm, glands 2, discoid, adaxial;

blade ovate to broadly elliptic or rhomboid, 3.5–10 × 3–9.5 cm, base broadly cuneate to nearly truncate, apex acuminate;

laminar glands 0–10, elliptic, 0.3 × 0.2 mm, usually on distal 1/2 of leaf.

Inflorescences

to 20 cm; staminate cymules numerous, 10–20 flowered, bracts ovate, 1.5 mm, subtended by 2[–4] ellipsoid glands; pistillate flowers 0–6 per inflorescence, 1 per bract (often in bisexual cymules with 0–5 staminate flowers), bracts of basal flowers usually not subtended by ellipsoid glands.

Pedicels

staminate 1.5–3 mm; pistillate 1–2 mm, to 12 mm in fruit.

Staminate flowers

yellow;

sepals 0.5–1 mm, shallowly 3-lobed, margins erose;

filaments to 0.2–0.3 mm;

anthers 0.5 mm.

Pistillate flowers

yellowish green;

sepals 2–3 × 1 mm, apex acuminate;

styles 4–8 mm, coiled distally.

Capsules

1–1.3 cm diam., subglobose, trigonous;

columella 1 cm.

Seeds

6–9 × 4–7 mm, usually remaining attached to columella;

outer seed coat white, waxy;

inner coat woody, brown, smooth.

2n

= 88.

Triadica sebifera

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Nov.
Habitat Low swampy places to uplands.
Elevation 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; e Asia (s China, Taiwan, Vietnam) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Triadica sebifera is economically important in Asia for the waxes and oils in its sarcotesta and seeds and as a source of dye and timber. The species is cultivated in the United States mainly as an ornamental, with introductions dating to the late 1700s; it readily becomes naturalized and is a stand-replacing invasive of native forests, riparian areas, and prairies. The range of T. sebifera is predicted to continue expanding from the Sacramento River delta region in California, and also north and west from southeastern United States coastal regions, until it reaches limits for drought, salinity, and cold tolerance (R. Pattison and R. Mack 2007). An isolated population in Kentucky was extirpated to prevent naturalization (E. Comley 2008).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 227.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Triadica
Synonyms Croton sebifer, Excoecaria sebifera, Sapium sebiferum, Stillingia sebifera
Name authority (Linnaeus) Small: Florida Trees, 59. (1913)
Web links