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lesser marsh St. Johnswort

marsh, marsh St. John's wort

Habit Herbs erect, to 10 dm, sometimes branching from near base, sometimes with ascending branches in distal 1/2+. Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, glabrous, with glandular canals, lacunae, or dots containing essential oils (pale) in various parts and, sometimes, reddish to purplish gland dots containing hypericin on stems and leaves.
Stems

internodes 2-lined at first, then terete.

internodes with 2 or 4 raised lines at first, then terete (not lined).

Leaves

sessile or (distal) subsessile, rarely amplexicaul;

blade narrowly oblong or elliptic to oblanceolate, 50–120(–150) × 10–40(–50) mm, base rounded to truncate or subcordate, apex rounded or rounded-apiculate to retuse, gland dots intramarginal.

sessile, subsessile, or petiolate;

blade relatively broad, venation pinnate, tertiary veins densely reticulate, glands punctiform, pale (records of black gland dots are probably all due to fungal attack), intramarginal and laminar.

Inflorescences

spiciform-cylindric, 3–7-flowered from terminal node, with sessile or pedunculate inflorescences and flowering branches from to 4 proximal nodes.

terminal, sometimes also axillary, cymose, 2–15-flowered, or solitary flower, branching dichasial;

bracts and bracteoles relatively small.

Flowers

15 mm diam.;

sepals narrowly oblong, 4–7 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

petals elliptic-obovate, 5–8 mm;

stamen fascicles 4–7 mm;

filaments 1/2+ connate;

styles 0.8–1.5 mm.

tubular or campanulate at first, expanding to stellate for short time each day;

sepals persistent, 5, distinct or almost so, margins not glandular-ciliate;

petals deciduous, 5, partly imbricate or contorted, pink or flesh-colored, sometimes green-tinged;

stamens persistent, 9, in 3 fascicles, each with 3 stamens;

filaments of each fascicle 1/5–1/2+ connate;

anthers yellow, isodiametric to oblate or shortly oblong, with amber gland on connective;

staminode fascicles 3, alternating with stamen fascicles;

ovary 3-merous;

placentation axile;

ovules relatively numerous on each placenta;

styles distinct, spreading.

Capsules

cylindric, 8–12 × 3.5–4 mm, apex obtuse.

3-valved, with glandular vittae.

Seeds

0.8–1.2 mm.

narrowly cylindric, carinate;

testa reticulate-foveolate.

x

= 19.

Triadenum tubulosum

Triadenum

Phenology Flowering late summer–early fall (Aug–Sep).
Habitat Swampy or marshy ground in woods
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
from USDA
e North America; Asia (e China, India [Assam], Japan, Korea, e Siberia, Taiwan)
Discussion

The absence of laminar glands in leaves is a more reliable characteristic for differentiating Triadenum tubulosum from T. walteri than sessile versus petiolate leaves, which are not always quite sessile towards the inflorescence in T. tubulosum, or sepals, which can be obtuse in both.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Nomenclatural complexities and confusions associated with Triadenum were reviewed by N. K. B. Robson (1977). B. R. Ruhfel et al. (2011) concluded from molecular studies that Triadenum is part of Hypericum. Robson (2012) gave reasons why Triadenum is generically distinct.

Species 6 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves petiolate.
T. walteri
1. Leaves sessile or (distal) subsessile
→ 2
2. Leaves: gland dots intramarginal.
T. tubulosum
2. Leaves: gland dots laminar and intramarginal
→ 3
3. Sepals 4–7(–8) mm, apex acute to acuminate; styles 2–3.5 mm.
T. virginicum
3. Sepals 2.5–5 mm, apex usually obtuse to rounded, rarely acute; styles 0.5–1.5 mm.
T. fraseri
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 104. FNA vol. 6, p. 102.
Parent taxa Hypericaceae > Triadenum Hypericaceae
Sibling taxa
T. fraseri, T. virginicum, T. walteri
Subordinate taxa
T. fraseri, T. tubulosum, T. virginicum, T. walteri
Synonyms Hypericum tubulosum, Elodes drummondii, E. pauciflora, E. tubulosa, H. petiolatum var. tubulosum, H. walteri var. tubulosum, T. longifolium Gardenia, Hypericum section Elodea
Name authority (Walter) Gleason: Phytologia 2: 289. (1947) Rafinesque: Fl. Tellur. 3: 78. (1837)
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