Tragia ramosa |
Tragia |
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branch noseburn, branch or desert or common noseburn, desert noseburn, desert tragia |
noseburn |
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Habit | Subshrubs, 1.2–5 dm. | Herbs, subshrubs, or vines, perennial, monoecious [dioecious]; hairy, hairs unbranched, always some stinging (sometimes inconspicuous except on ovaries and capsules), sometimes glandular; latex absent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect to trailing, dark green to light green, apex rarely flexuous. |
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Leaves | petiole 2–20 mm; blade linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1–4 × 0.5–2 cm, base truncate to weakly cordate, margins serrate, apex acute. |
deciduous, alternate, simple (usually 3-foliolate in T. laciniata); stipules present, persistent; petiole present, glands absent; blade usually unlobed, sometimes lobed basally (sometimes deeply 3-lobed in T. laciniata) [palmately lobed], margins serrate, crenate, dentate, or entire, laminar glands absent; venation pinnate or palmate at base, pinnate distally [palmate]. |
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Inflorescences | terminal (often appearing leaf opposed), glands few, sessile, staminate flowers 2–20 per raceme; staminate bracts 1.5–2 mm. |
bisexual (pistillate flowers proximal, staminate distal) [unisexual], axillary, terminal, or leaf-opposed, racemes [rarely with single pistillate branch]; glands subtending each bract 0. |
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Pedicels | staminate 0.7–2 mm, persistent base 0.4–1.5 mm; pistillate 2–2.5 mm in fruit. |
present, staminate with persistent base, pistillate elongated in fruit. |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 3–4, green, 1–2.2 mm; stamens 3–6(–10), filaments 0.3–1 mm. |
sepals 3–5, usually green, sometimes reddish green, not petaloid, valvate, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent [present]; stamens 2–6(–10)[–25], distinct or connate basally (connate 1/2 length in T. nigricans); pistillode present [absent]. |
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Pistillate flowers | sepals lanceolate, 0.8–2.5 mm; styles connate 1/3–1/2 length, long-exserted; stigmas smooth to undulate. |
sepals 6, usually green, sometimes reddish green, not petaloid, connate basally; petals 0; nectary absent; pistil 3-carpellate; styles 3, connate basally to 1/2 [most of] length, unbranched. |
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Fruits | capsules, usually 3 carpels maturing, except often 1 maturing in T. brevispica. |
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Capsules | 6–8 mm wide. |
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Seeds | dark brown, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
globose to ovoid; caruncle absent. |
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2n | = 44. |
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Tragia ramosa |
Tragia |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–fall; fruiting late spring–fall. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Mesquite, desert scrub, pine-juniper, oak woodlands. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200–2800 m. (700–9200 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; KS; MO; NE; NM; NV; TX; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
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United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Australia; primarily tropical and subtropical regions |
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Discussion | Tragia ramosa is a variable species showing much environmental plasticity. Collections from the western United States and western Mexico have much broader leaves than those from Texas and Nuevo León, and were previously referred to as T. stylaris. Smooth stigmatic surfaces, three to six (rarely to ten) stamens, and narrow apical leaves are characters consistent with T. ramosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 175 (15 in the flora). Tragia is a taxonomically difficult genus that is characterized by stinging hairs. Although many species of Tragia are twining vines, most species in the flora area are subshrubs or herbs. Some species are used medicinally for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vermifugic, and antihyperglycemic properties. Two sections are represented in the flora area: Tragia and Leptobotrys (Baillon) Müller Arg. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (W. M. Cardinal-McTeague and L. J. Gillespie, unpubl.) suggests that Tragia is polyphyletic and that sect. Leptobotrys (T. smallii, T. urens) should be segregated as a distinct genus; these results are supported by pollen morphology (L. J. Gillespie 1994). Tragia volubilis Linnaeus was collected from Florida once (1842–1848, F. Rugel, US), but has not been collected there since and is presumed extirpated in the flora area. This species is widespread in the Caribbean and Latin America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 189. | FNA vol. 12, p. 184. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Euphorbiaceae > Tragia | Euphorbiaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | T. angustifolia, T. nepetifolia var. angustifolia, T. nepetifolia var. ramosa, T. ramosa var. latifolia, T. stylaris, T. stylaris var. angustifolia, T. stylaris var. latifolia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 245. (1827) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 980. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 421. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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