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small-leaf spiderwort, white-flower wandering jew

spiderwort family

Habit Herbs, decumbent, rooting at nodes. Herbs, perennial or annual.
Leaves

2-ranked;

blade lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm (distal leaf blades wider or narrower than sheaths when sheaths opened, flattened), margins ciliolate, apex acute, glabrous.

basal or cauline, alternate;

sheaths closed;

blade simple, often succulent, margins entire, venation parallel.

Inflorescences

terminal, becoming leaf-opposed, sometimes axillary from distalmost leaf axil, 1–2 cyme pairs per stem;

bracts mostly foliaceous, occasionally reduced.

terminal or terminal and axillary [sometimes all axillary], sometimes becoming leaf-opposed, cymose (cymes scorpioid), thyrsiform or variously reduced, sometimes umbel-like, sometimes enclosed in spathaceous bracts.

Flowers

distinctly pedicillate;

pedicels 1–1.5 cm, glandular-pilose;

sepals 5–7 mm, midrib pilose with eglandular hairs;

petals distinct, white, not clawed, 8–9 mm;

stamens free;

filaments white, densely bearded with white hairs.

bisexual or bisexual and staminate on same plants, rarely bisexual and pistillate on same plants [bisexual and unisexual (staminate and pistillate), all on same plants], bilaterally or radially symmetric;

sepals 3, sepaloid [occasionally petaloid], distinct or occasionally connate, usually subequal;

petals 3, deliquescent, petaloid, distinct or connate, equal or unequal;

stamens 6, all fertile or some staminodial or absent (rarely all stamens absent);

anthers with longitudinal [rarely poricidal] dehiscence;

ovary superior, 2–3-locular;

ovules 1-seriate [2-seriate];

style 1, simple, usually slender;

stigma 1, simple [rarely slightly 3-lobed], enlarged or not.

Fruits

loculicidal capsules [rarely indehiscent or berries].

Seeds

1–several [rarely many] per locule;

hilum dotlike or linear; lidlike embryotega covering embryo.

Tradescantia fluminensis

Commelinaceae

Phenology Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Woods, roadsides, and open areas, sometimes as weed
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CA; FL; LA; native; South America (Brazil–Argentina); Africa (South Africa); Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Pantropical and nearly pantemperate; primarily tropical
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

This species was recorded north to North Carolina (J. K. Small 1933), but I have not seen any supporting records from Georgia or North Carolina.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The flowers lack nectar and are ephemeral, lasting only a few hours. Their structure is seldom preserved in dried specimens. In the absence of well-pressed flowers, mature buds can be readily dissected in situ, and the arrangement and degree of development of the androecium and gynoecium easily determined.

Some familiar genera, such as Setcreasea, Zebrina, Rhoeo, and Cuthbertia, have been reduced into synonymy under either Tradescantia or Callisia (D. R. Hunt 1975, 1986, 1986b). Further research is needed to corroborate this treatment, especially for the segregate genera of Callisia, such as Cuthbertia. The same generic delimitation has been followed by R. B. Faden (1998), R. B. Faden and D. R. Hunt (1991), and G. C. Tucker (1989).

Genera 40, species ca. 630 (6 genera, 51 species in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences composed of pairs of contracted, sessile, umbel-like cymes; flowers radially symmetric; stamens 6 (rarely fewer), all fertile.
→ 2
1. Inflorescences composed of 1–several elongate cymes, not umbel-like; flowers radially or bilaterally symmetric; stamens 6 or fewer, usually some staminodial (rarely all fertile).
→ 3
2. Cyme pairs enclosed in or subtended by pairs of large, conspicuous spathaceous bracts
Tradescantia
2. Cyme pairs subtended by small, inconspicuous bracts
Callisia
3. Inflorescences enclosed in or closely subtended by leafy bracts (spathes); flowers strongly bilaterally symmetric, usually blue (rarely lilac, lavender, peach, apricot, or white).
→ 4
3. Inflorescences not enclosed in or closely subtended by leafy bracts (although sometimes axillary); flowers radially or bilaterally symmetric, variously colored.
→ 5
4. Fertile stamens 6, all but proximalmost stamen with filaments densely bearded; capsules 3-valved; leaves glaucous
Tinantia
4. Fertile stamens 3, filaments glabrous; capsules 2–3-valved; leaves not glaucous
Commelina
5. Flowers sessile or subsessile; filaments glabrous or bearded; ovary and capsule 2–3-locular
Callisia
5. Flowers distinctly pedicellate; some or all filaments bearded; ovary and capsule 3-locular.
→ 6
6. Flowers white to purple or violet; fertile stamens 2–3; staminodes 3–4
Murdannia
6. Flowers white; fertile stamens 6; staminodes 0
Gibasis
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22, p. 170. Author: Robert B. Faden.
Parent taxa Commelinaceae > Tradescantia
Sibling taxa
T. bracteata, T. brevifolia, T. buckleyi, T. crassifolia, T. crassula, T. edwardsiana, T. ernestiana, T. gigantea, T. hirsuticaulis, T. hirsutiflora, T. humilis, T. leiandra, T. longipes, T. occidentalis, T. ohiensis, T. ozarkana, T. pallida, T. paludosa, T. pedicellata, T. pinetorum, T. reverchonii, T. roseolens, T. spathacea, T. subacaulis, T. subaspera, T. tharpii, T. virginiana, T. wrightii, T. zebrina
Subordinate taxa
Callisia, Commelina, Gibasis, Murdannia, Tinantia, Tradescantia
Name authority Vellozo: Florae Fluminensis 140; plate vol. 3, 152. (1829) R. Brown
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