Tortula muralis |
Tortula porteri |
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tortula moss, wall screw-moss |
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Leaves | ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells; costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae. |
broadly ovate-lanceolate, apex broadly acute or occasionally rounded, not or weakly apiculate, margins plane, always distinctly bordered nearly throughout with 2–4 rows of narrower, thicker-walled, smooth or weakly papillose cells; costa percurrent or ending in an apiculus, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally of even thickness, 4(–6) cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal or sometimes subquadrate, width 11–15 µm, 1:1; hollow-papillose medially. |
Seta | 0.6–1.5 cm. |
0.5–0.8(–1) cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
dioicous. |
Capsule | stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm; peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm; operculum 0.6–1 mm. |
stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.1–1.5(–1.8) mm; peristome 200–350 µm, weakly twisted, teeth of 32 rather short filaments variously anastomosing proximally, basal membrane 60–100 µm; operculum 0.4–0.8 mm. |
Spores | 8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth. |
8–10 µm, spheric, finely papillose or nearly smooth. |
Sporophytes | exerted. |
exerted. |
Tortula muralis |
Tortula porteri |
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Phenology | Capsules mature spring–summer. | Capsules mature spring. |
Habitat | Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls | Limestone or dolomitic rock |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low to moderate elevations |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
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AR; IL; IN; KS; KY; MO; NJ; OH; OK; PA; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON; QC; South America (Venezuela) |
Discussion | Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
A report of Tortula porteri by Ced. L. Porter (1937) from Wyoming is doubtful. This species is quite like Hennediella in leaf traits such as plane margins, flattened superficial laminal cell walls, and border of elongate, thick-walled cells, but is yellow in KOH solution and lacks marginal teeth. The two genera intergrade somewhat and a less arbitrary distinction than simple emphasis on KOH color reaction awaits more study. This species is distinguished from T. obtusifolia by the more acute leaves with plane margins. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 596. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Desmatodon porteri, Desmatodon fisherae | |
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) | (James) Brotherus: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 214[I,3]: 430. (1902) |
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