Tortula muralis |
Tortula plinthobia |
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tortula moss, wall screw-moss |
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Leaves | ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells; costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae. |
ovate to long-ovate, occasionally ovate-lanceolate, apex broadly acute to rounded, short- to long-awned, margins recurved or revolute in distal 4/5 to apex or nearly so, not bordered; costa short- to long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–13 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2-fid papillae. |
Seta | 0.6–1.5 cm. |
0.6–1 cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
apparently dioicous but probably monoicous, uncommonly clearly autoicous. |
Capsule | stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm; peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm; operculum 0.6–1 mm. |
stegocarpic, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn length ca. 2 mm; peristome often dehiscent with the operculum, ca. 120–200 µm, teeth of 16 flattened, irregular, oblong segments, weakly twisted, variously divided into 2 branches, basal membrane absent but teeth cohering basally, or present and low; operculum 0.5–1 mm. |
Spores | 8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth. |
8–10 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth. |
Sporophytes | exerted. |
exerted. |
Tortula muralis |
Tortula plinthobia |
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Phenology | Capsules mature spring–summer. | Capsules mature spring. |
Habitat | Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls | Calcareous rocks, sedimentary outcrops, concrete, mortar, pavements, walls |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low to moderate elevations |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
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AL; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; OK; PA; SC; TX; UT; WI |
Discussion | Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The degenerate peristome is the major distinguishing trait of Tortula plinthobia, which is widespread but endemic to the flora area. It is doubtfully distinct from T. muralis at the species level, and the similar gametophyte coupled with the flattened, weakly twisted 16 teeth, each divided into 2 branches, indicates that this peristome type, also associated with the old genus Desmatodon, is not in itself a trait implying taxonomic distinction at the genus level. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 596. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Desmatodon plinthobius | |
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) | (Sullivant & Lesquereux) Brotherus: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pfanzenfam. 214[I,3]: 430. (1902) |
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