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tortula moss, wall screw-moss

Leaves

ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells;

costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae.

ovate to long-ovate, occasionally ovate-lanceolate, apex broadly acute to rounded, short- to long-awned, margins recurved or revolute in distal 4/5 to apex or nearly so, not bordered;

costa short- to long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–13 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2-fid papillae.

Seta

0.6–1.5 cm.

0.6–1 cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

apparently dioicous but probably monoicous, uncommonly clearly autoicous.

Capsule

stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm;

peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm;

operculum 0.6–1 mm.

stegocarpic, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn length ca. 2 mm;

peristome often dehiscent with the operculum, ca. 120–200 µm, teeth of 16 flattened, irregular, oblong segments, weakly twisted, variously divided into 2 branches, basal membrane absent but teeth cohering basally, or present and low;

operculum 0.5–1 mm.

Spores

8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth.

8–10 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth.

Sporophytes

exerted.

exerted.

Tortula muralis

Tortula plinthobia

Phenology Capsules mature spring–summer. Capsules mature spring.
Habitat Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls Calcareous rocks, sedimentary outcrops, concrete, mortar, pavements, walls
Elevation low to moderate elevations low to moderate elevations
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; OK; PA; SC; TX; UT; WI
Discussion

Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The degenerate peristome is the major distinguishing trait of Tortula plinthobia, which is widespread but endemic to the flora area. It is doubtfully distinct from T. muralis at the species level, and the similar gametophyte coupled with the flattened, weakly twisted 16 teeth, each divided into 2 branches, indicates that this peristome type, also associated with the old genus Desmatodon, is not in itself a trait implying taxonomic distinction at the genus level.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 596.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Synonyms Desmatodon plinthobius
Name authority Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) (Sullivant & Lesquereux) Brotherus: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pfanzenfam. 214[I,3]: 430. (1902)
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