Tortula muralis |
Tortula mucronifolia |
|
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tortula moss, wall screw-moss |
mucronleaf tortula moss |
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Leaves | ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells; costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae. |
oblong-lanceolate to obovate or long-elliptic, apex rounded-acute, mucronate to short-awned, margins recurved at base or somewhat higher, not bordered or bordered at base with 3–5 rows of thicker-walled cells, 1–3:1; costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally very gradually narrowing, 3–5 cells across the weakly convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells rounded-hexagonal, 14–20(–28) µm wide, 1:1, not papillose or very weakly so. |
Seta | 0.6–1.5 cm. |
1–2 cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
autoicous. |
Capsule | stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm; peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm; operculum 0.6–1 mm. |
stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 3–6 mm; peristome 1700–2000 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted at least 1 full turn, basal membrane high, ca. 1000 µm; operculum ca. 1–2 mm. |
Spores | 8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth. |
12–18 µm, spheric, finely papillose. |
Sporophytes | exerted. |
exerted. |
Tortula muralis |
Tortula mucronifolia |
|
Phenology | Capsules mature spring–summer. | Capsules mature summer. |
Habitat | Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls | Soil, calcareous soil, silt, rock, cliffs, walls |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low to high elevations (0-2700 m) (low to high elevations (0-8900 ft)) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; n Asia; Greenland; Europe; Africa
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Discussion | Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Tortula mucronifolia is quite close to T. subulata, differing largely in the clear medial laminal cells of the former, which are not or rarely papillose, and the marginal border less strongly developed or absent. Where their ranges overlap, intermediates may be found. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 601. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) | Schwägrichen: Sp. Musc. Frond. Suppl. 1(1): 136, plate 34. (1811) |
Web links |