Tortula muralis |
Tortula californica |
|
---|---|---|
tortula moss, wall screw-moss |
California tortula moss |
|
Leaves | ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells; costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae. |
broadly obovate, occasionally elliptic, apex broadly acute, rounded or occasionally emarginate, awned, margins plane or occasionally weakly recurved proximally, often weakly bordered distally with slightly smaller and slightly more thick-walled cells; costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, strong but distally narrow, mostly 2–4 cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells inflated hexagonal, occasionally irregularly quadrate, width 18–25 µm, 1:1 or occasionally longitudinally elongate, smooth. |
Seta | 0.6–1.5 cm. |
0.9–1.1 cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
autoicous. |
Capsule | stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm; peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm; operculum 0.6–1 mm. |
stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 2–2.7 mm; peristome 1000–1400 µm, teeth of 32 filaments, twisted once, basal membrane ca. 200 µm; operculum 1.1–1.5 mm. |
Spores | 8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth. |
11–14 µm, spheric, essentially smooth. |
Sporophytes | exerted. |
exerted. |
Tortula muralis |
Tortula californica |
|
Phenology | Capsules mature spring–summer. | Capsules mature spring. |
Habitat | Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls | Arid soil, rock |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low elevations (0-50 m) (low elevations (0-200 ft)) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
|
CA; Mexico (Baja California) |
Discussion | Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Tortula californica has now been reported from several counties in southern California (D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock 2004), and is characterized by obovate leaves with smooth awns, plane margins, and smooth laminal cells. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 593. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) | E. B. Bartram: Bryologist 48: 92, figs. h–n. (1945) |
Web links |