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tortula moss, wall screw-moss

California tortula moss

Leaves

ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells;

costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae.

broadly obovate, occasionally elliptic, apex broadly acute, rounded or occasionally emarginate, awned, margins plane or occasionally weakly recurved proximally, often weakly bordered distally with slightly smaller and slightly more thick-walled cells;

costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, strong but distally narrow, mostly 2–4 cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells inflated hexagonal, occasionally irregularly quadrate, width 18–25 µm, 1:1 or occasionally longitudinally elongate, smooth.

Seta

0.6–1.5 cm.

0.9–1.1 cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

autoicous.

Capsule

stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm;

peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm;

operculum 0.6–1 mm.

stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 2–2.7 mm;

peristome 1000–1400 µm, teeth of 32 filaments, twisted once, basal membrane ca. 200 µm;

operculum 1.1–1.5 mm.

Spores

8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth.

11–14 µm, spheric, essentially smooth.

Sporophytes

exerted.

exerted.

Tortula muralis

Tortula californica

Phenology Capsules mature spring–summer. Capsules mature spring.
Habitat Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls Arid soil, rock
Elevation low to moderate elevations low elevations (0-50 m) (low elevations (0-200 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
Discussion

Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Tortula californica has now been reported from several counties in southern California (D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock 2004), and is characterized by obovate leaves with smooth awns, plane margins, and smooth laminal cells.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 593.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Name authority Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) E. B. Bartram: Bryologist 48: 92, figs. h–n. (1945)
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