Tortula muralis |
Tortula brevipes |
|
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tortula moss, wall screw-moss |
tortula moss |
|
Leaves | ovate or elliptic to obovate, apex broadly acute to rounded or emarginate, short- to long-awned, margins narrowly recurved or revolute to near apex, commonly bordered distally with 2–4 rows of thicker-walled, papillose to smooth cells; costa long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 3–4(–6) cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 2(–4)-fid papillae. |
short-elliptic or long-obovate, sometimes ovate, apex very broadly acute to rounded, short- to long-awned, margins very broadly recurved or revolute to near apex, not bordered; costa usually long-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, ca. 3–4 cells across the convex adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, 10–15 µm wide, 1:1, densely papillose with 2-fid papillae. |
Seta | 0.6–1.5 cm. |
length ca. 0.7–1.4(–2) cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
apparently dioicous but more probably rhizautoicous, occasionally autoicous. |
Capsule | stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.7 mm; peristome 300 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted 1/2–2 times, basal membrane low, to 50 µm; operculum 0.6–1 mm. |
stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn length ca. (1.7–)2.5–3.5 mm; peristome 800–1000 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted about one full turn, basal membrane 150–200 µm; operculum 1–1.5 mm. |
Spores | 8–12 µm, spheric, finely papillose or essentially smooth. |
ca. 10–13 µm, spheric, finely papillose. |
Sporophytes | exerted. |
exerted. |
Tortula muralis |
Tortula brevipes |
|
Phenology | Capsules mature spring–summer. | |
Habitat | Calcareous rock, often on bricks or walls | Calcareous soil |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low to moderate elevations |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; FL; GA; IA; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; NU; ON; West Indies; s South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; WA; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) |
Discussion | Tortula muralis, T. brevipes, and T. plinthobia form an apparently intergrading cline in sporophyte characters, sexual condition, and elaboration of the leaf border. There may be evolutionary advantages associated with such variability, but specimens are occasionally difficult to name satisfactorily. The laminal border of 2–4 rows of thicker walled cells is usually hidden in the margin recurvature except at the leaf apex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Tortula brevipes is much like T. muralis, but differs in the soil substrate, absence of a leaf border (common in T. muralis), the apparently dioicous inflorescence, the commonly very long (to 5 mm) operculate capsule, and the well-developed basal membrane of the peristome. According to B. D. Mishler (1994), T. brevipes in Mexico intergrades with T. muralis in capsule length, height of the basal membrane, and development of a leaf border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Barbula brevipes, Barbula macrotrichia | |
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 123. (1801) | (Lesquereux) Brotherus: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 214[I,3]: 431. (1902) |
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