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cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss

Leaves

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells;

costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth.

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex broadly acute to rounded, mucronate to short-awned, margins revolute in mid 2/3–3/4 of leaf, weakly bordered from apex to near base with (2–)4 rows of weakly thicker-walled and less-papillose or smooth cells;

costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells though convex adaxially, distally narrow, 3–4 cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells subquadrate to hexagonal, occasionally somewhat elongated longitudinally, width 13–18 µm wide, 1(–2):1, papillose with 4(–6) simple papillae per lumen.

Seta

very short.

length 0.2–0.4 cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

autoicous.

Capsule

cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm;

peristome absent;

operculum not differentiated.

stegocarpic, not systylius, broadly cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn ca. 1.4–1.5 mm;

peristome remaining adherent to the inside of the operculum, teeth rudimentary to linear, to 300 µm, of several filaments variously anastomosing and weakly twisted, basal membrane length to 50 µm;

operculum ca. 0.7–0.8 mm, not falling.

Spores

(25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose.

ca. 20–25 µm, spheric, densely low-papillose.

Sporophytes

immersed.

exerted.

Tortula acaulon

Tortula protobryoides

Phenology Capsules mature winter–spring. Capsules mature winter–spring.
Habitat Soil, lawns, fields, banks Soil
Elevation low to moderate elevations low elevations
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; MN; BC; SK; Mexico (Baja California); Europe; sw Asia
Discussion

The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 592.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Synonyms Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana Phascum bryoides, Pottia bryoides, Protobryum bryoides
Name authority (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 226. (1993)
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