The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss

Leaves

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells;

costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth.

obovate, elliptic or less commonly ovate, apex broadly acute to occasionally rounded, awned or long-mucronate, margins strongly and broadly recurved in proximal 4/5 of leaf, not bordered;

costa long-excurrent, with an elongate adaxial pad of bulging, rounded cells with 3–4 simple papillae, distally narrow, 2–4 cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells subquadrate, 12–16 µm wide, 1:1, smooth or less commonly papillose with 1(–2) scattered simple papillae.

Seta

very short.

ca. 0.4(–0.9) cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

autoicous.

Capsule

cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm;

peristome absent;

operculum not differentiated.

stegocarpic, not systylius, elliptic or cylindric, or erect and nearly straight, urn ca. 0.8–1.2 mm;

peristome 100–150 µm, teeth 16, ligulate straight, or short, rudimentary, basal membrane lacking or very low;

operculum 0.5 mm.

Spores

(25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose.

15–18 µm, spheric, finely papillose.

Sporophytes

immersed.

exerted.

Tortula acaulon

Tortula lanceola

Phenology Capsules mature winter–spring. Capsules mature spring.
Habitat Soil, lawns, fields, banks Soil or walls, often in calcareous regions
Elevation low to moderate elevations low to moderate elevations
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AZ; ID; SC; TX; Europe; Asia; n Africa
Discussion

The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The tiny but often fruiting Tortula lanceola is uncommon in the flora area. The bulging, rounded cells of the adaxial costal pad have the distinctive appearance of cows’ udders, and viewed laterally have the appearance of longitudinal ridges. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) pointed out that the antheridia are borne naked in axillary clusters, but occasionally bracts, albeit rudimentary, are present. Tortula acaulon has much the same gametophyte, but the sporophyte is reduced and cleistocarpic. Tortula atrovirens and Crossidium aberrans have a somewhat similar leaf section but the former lacks an awn, and the latter has a short awn, and the adaxial costal pad is of low 1–2-celled filaments.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 592.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Synonyms Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana Encalypta lanceolata, Pottia lanceolata
Name authority (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 223. (1993)
Web links