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cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss

tortula moss

Leaves

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells;

costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth.

lingulate, apex rounded-acute, apiculate to short-mucronate, margins recurved from base to near the apex, not bordered;

costa subpercurrent, percurrent or very short-excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells but distally narrowing or weakly thickened, 3–4(–5) cells across the convex adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells hexagonal, (12–)15–18 µm wide, 1:1, strongly papillose with 4–5 2-fid papillae.

Seta

very short.

1.2–1.5(–2.5) cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

gonioautoicous.

Capsule

cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm;

peristome absent;

operculum not differentiated.

stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn usually 3–4 mm;

peristome length 1000–1500 µm, teeth of 32 filaments twisted at least one full turn, basal membrane 300–600 µm;

operculum 1.3–1.6(–2) mm.

Spores

(25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose.

11–15 µm, spheric, finely papillose.

Sporophytes

immersed.

exerted.

Tortula acaulon

Tortula inermis

Phenology Capsules mature winter–spring. Capsules mature spring.
Habitat Soil, lawns, fields, banks Soil, rock
Elevation low to moderate elevations low to high elevations (0-2000 m) (low to high elevations (0-6600 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; SD; TX; UT; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora); Europe; s Asia; n Africa
Discussion

The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Tortula inermis has the aspect of a Syntrichia with its ligulate, apiculate leaves and strong costa, but the plant is yellow or orange in KOH solution, and the costal section reveals a rounded stereid band. It is related to T. subulata and T. mucronifolia but the lack of a strong mucro and the narrow but nearly complete recurving of the leaf margins are diagnostic.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 600.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Synonyms Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana Syntrichia subulata var. inermis, Syntrichia inermis
Name authority (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) (Bridel) Montagne: Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1: 136. (1832)
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