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cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss

Bolander's tortula moss

Leaves

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells;

costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth.

long-ovate, elliptic or lingulate, apex rounded and short-apiculate or muticuous, margins weakly recurved in proximal 1/2 of leaf, weakly bordered in distal 1/2–3/4 of leaf with (2–)4–6 rows of thicker-walled, smaller cells;

costa subpercurrent, percurrent or shortly excurrent as a small, sharp mucro, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally somewhat narrow, 3–4 cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells hexagonal, width 13–18(–24) µm, 1:1, strongly papillose.

Seta

very short.

0.9–1.5 cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

dioicous.

Capsule

cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm;

peristome absent;

operculum not differentiated.

stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.5 mm;

peristome of 32 twisted filaments, basal membrane low;

operculum 1–1.5 mm.

Spores

(25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose.

13–15 µm, spheric, essentially smooth.

Sporophytes

immersed.

exerted.

Tortula acaulon

Tortula bolanderi

Phenology Capsules mature winter–spring.
Habitat Soil, lawns, fields, banks Soil, rock
Elevation low to moderate elevations low to high elevations (0-1700 m) (low to high elevations (0-5600 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Europe (France, Spain)
Discussion

The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Both Tortula bolanderi and T. amplexa differ from other species of the genus in the red color of the leaves in nature, a trait of Syntrichia. The costal section, however, exhibits a rounded stereid band rather than the semilunate shape of the latter.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 602.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Synonyms Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana Barbula bolanderi, Barbula carnifolia, Syntrichia bolanderi
Name authority (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) (Lesquereu×& James) M. Howe: Erythea 4: 51. (1896)
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