Tortula acaulon |
Tortula bolanderi |
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cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss |
Bolander's tortula moss |
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Leaves | ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells; costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth. |
long-ovate, elliptic or lingulate, apex rounded and short-apiculate or muticuous, margins weakly recurved in proximal 1/2 of leaf, weakly bordered in distal 1/2–3/4 of leaf with (2–)4–6 rows of thicker-walled, smaller cells; costa subpercurrent, percurrent or shortly excurrent as a small, sharp mucro, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally somewhat narrow, 3–4 cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells hexagonal, width 13–18(–24) µm, 1:1, strongly papillose. |
Seta | very short. |
0.9–1.5 cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
dioicous. |
Capsule | cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm; peristome absent; operculum not differentiated. |
stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric, erect and nearly straight, urn 1.5–2.5 mm; peristome of 32 twisted filaments, basal membrane low; operculum 1–1.5 mm. |
Spores | (25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose. |
13–15 µm, spheric, essentially smooth. |
Sporophytes | immersed. |
exerted. |
Tortula acaulon |
Tortula bolanderi |
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Phenology | Capsules mature winter–spring. | |
Habitat | Soil, lawns, fields, banks | Soil, rock |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low to high elevations (0-1700 m) (low to high elevations (0-5600 ft)) |
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Europe (France, Spain) |
Discussion | The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Both Tortula bolanderi and T. amplexa differ from other species of the genus in the red color of the leaves in nature, a trait of Syntrichia. The costal section, however, exhibits a rounded stereid band rather than the semilunate shape of the latter. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 602. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana | Barbula bolanderi, Barbula carnifolia, Syntrichia bolanderi |
Name authority | (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) | (Lesquereu×& James) M. Howe: Erythea 4: 51. (1896) |
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