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cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss

convolute desmatodon moss

Leaves

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells;

costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth.

ovate to lingulate, apex broadly acute to rounded, apiculate or mucronate, margins revolute or occasionally plane, often bordered proximally with rectangular cells usually hidden in the revolute margins;

costa percurrent or ending in apiculus or short mucro, with an adaxial pad of swollen cells similar to those of the lamina, distally broad, (4–)6(–8) cells across adaxial surface;

distal laminal cells subquadrate, 9–13(–18) µm wide, µm, 1:1; strongly papillose.

Seta

very short.

0.6–1.2 cm.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

autoicous.

Capsule

cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm;

peristome absent;

operculum not differentiated.

stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric to ellipsoidal, erect and nearly straight, urn 0.9–1.5 mm;

peristome commonly 210–390 µm, teeth of 32 filaments, weakly twisted, occasionally rudimentary, basal membrane 40–50 µm;

operculum 0.5–0.7 mm.

Spores

(25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose.

15–18 µm, broadly ellipsoidal, nearly smooth.

Sporophytes

immersed.

exerted.

Tortula acaulon

Tortula atrovirens

Phenology Capsules mature winter–spring. Capsules mature winter–spring.
Habitat Soil, lawns, fields, banks Exposed soil, volcanic ash, rock, often calcareous
Elevation low to moderate elevations low to high elevations (0-2200 m) (low to high elevations (0-7200 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
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from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MN; NM; NV; TX; UT; AB; BC; Mexico; South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Tortula atrovirens has a massive pad of bulging cells covering the costa, and may be mistaken for a Crossidium, which, however, has a ventral pad of filaments. It is somewhat similar to T. obtusifolia, which also has weakly differentiated, smooth, somewhat elongate marginal cells, but that species of more mesic climates and more northern latitudes has spatulate leaves lacking an adaxial pad.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 595. FNA vol. 27, p. 602.
Parent taxa Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula
Sibling taxa
T. amplexa, T. atrovirens, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
T. acaulon, T. amplexa, T. bolanderi, T. brevipes, T. californica, T. cernua, T. cuneifolia, T. deciduidentata, T. guepinii, T. hoppeana, T. inermis, T. lanceola, T. laureri, T. leucostoma, T. modica, T. mucronifolia, T. muralis, T. nevadensis, T. obtusifolia, T. plinthobia, T. porteri, T. protobryoides, T. subulata, T. systylia, T. truncata
Synonyms Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana Grimmia atrovirens, Desmatodon californicus, Desmatodon convolutus
Name authority (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) (Smith) Lindberg: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 21: 236. (1864)
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