Tortula acaulon |
Tortula atrovirens |
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cuspidate earth-moss, tooth phascum moss |
convolute desmatodon moss |
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Leaves | ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells; costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(–3) cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13–17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth. |
ovate to lingulate, apex broadly acute to rounded, apiculate or mucronate, margins revolute or occasionally plane, often bordered proximally with rectangular cells usually hidden in the revolute margins; costa percurrent or ending in apiculus or short mucro, with an adaxial pad of swollen cells similar to those of the lamina, distally broad, (4–)6(–8) cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells subquadrate, 9–13(–18) µm wide, µm, 1:1; strongly papillose. |
Seta | very short. |
0.6–1.2 cm. |
Sexual condition | autoicous. |
autoicous. |
Capsule | cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9–1.3 mm; peristome absent; operculum not differentiated. |
stegocarpic, not systylius, cylindric to ellipsoidal, erect and nearly straight, urn 0.9–1.5 mm; peristome commonly 210–390 µm, teeth of 32 filaments, weakly twisted, occasionally rudimentary, basal membrane 40–50 µm; operculum 0.5–0.7 mm. |
Spores | (25–)33–40 µm, spheric, densely papillose. |
15–18 µm, broadly ellipsoidal, nearly smooth. |
Sporophytes | immersed. |
exerted. |
Tortula acaulon |
Tortula atrovirens |
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Phenology | Capsules mature winter–spring. | Capsules mature winter–spring. |
Habitat | Soil, lawns, fields, banks | Exposed soil, volcanic ash, rock, often calcareous |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | low to high elevations (0-2200 m) (low to high elevations (0-7200 ft)) |
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MN; NM; NV; TX; UT; AB; BC; Mexico; South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia
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Discussion | The varieties pilifera and schreberiana are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Tortula atrovirens has a massive pad of bulging cells covering the costa, and may be mistaken for a Crossidium, which, however, has a ventral pad of filaments. It is somewhat similar to T. obtusifolia, which also has weakly differentiated, smooth, somewhat elongate marginal cells, but that species of more mesic climates and more northern latitudes has spatulate leaves lacking an adaxial pad. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 595. | FNA vol. 27, p. 602. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Tortula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Phascum acaulon, Microbryum floerkeanum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum, Phascum cuspidatum var. americanum, Phascum cuspidatum var. henrici, Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum, Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum, T. acaulon var. pilifera, T. acaulon var. schreberiana, T. atherodes, T. atherodes var. pilifera, T. atherodes var. schreberiana | Grimmia atrovirens, Desmatodon californicus, Desmatodon convolutus |
Name authority | (Withering) R. H. Zander: Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. (1994) | (Smith) Lindberg: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 21: 236. (1864) |
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